The Atacama Kozan Mine is located in the Candelaria-Punta del Cobre district which is known to host IOCG type ore deposits. The ore deposit of the mine lies at 300m-400m below the surface and it is completely a concealed ore deposit.
The Nittetsu Mining Co., Ltd. has conducted exploration work in the area consisting of surface geological surveys, geophysical surveys and drilling surveys in order to develop the Atacama Kozan Mine.
In the early days of the exploration the ore deposit type to be expected in this area was thought to be of breccia (vein) type from the analogy to the deposits of the Socavon Rampa Mine and the Carola Mine just across to the east of the valley. But as the drilling survery went on, frequent occurrences of layered copper ore accompanying abundant, magnetite were recognized from a certain horizon of the strata and a horizontally elongated shape of the ore body was implied by subsequent geophysical surveys such as CSAMT, TDEM, and PEM logging survey. So the target ore deposit type was modified to the one composed of strata-bound (manto) ore deposit although it was still in an early stage of the exploration.
Based on this ore deposit model, an exploration tunnel was excavated and drilling surveys were conducted both from the surface and the underground. Consequently an ore reserve of 30 million tons (with the recoverable ore of 20 million tons) at the copper grade of 1.5% was discovered and finally the Atacama Kozan Mine was developed.

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The elements existing as "water soluble form" and "ion exchangeable and surface complexed forms" were extracted from weathered slates with different weathering level by water and diluted HNO₃ (ca 3%), respectively. The sample (Spl) is almost non-weathered black slate sample. On the contrary, the sample (Sp3) is intensely weathered and oxidized fragile sample. The weathering level of the sample (Sp2) is intermediate between Spl and 3. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of weathering level on the states in rocks and dissolution behavior of each element.
The amounts of elements extracted by water and diluted HNO₃ from slates with different weathered level are different, indicating that elemental states in slate change due to the chemical weathering.
Further, the solutions extracted by water were successively filtered through 0.45 mm, 0.20 mm and 100 kDa. The almost of all elements extracted from fresh black slate (Spl) exist in solution as truly dissolved species. On the other hand, truly dissolved species do not almost exist in solution extracted from weathered slate (Sp2 and 3), and almost of all elements are completely removed by the ultrafiltration except some of alkali and alkali earth elements (Li, Sr and Cs) and oxyanions (As and Sb). They are adsorbates on Al and Fe-bearing colloidal particles or their components.

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Reconnaissance chemical study was made on tin-bearing sulfides ores from the Primorye region. Several anomalies were detected on those of the late Cretaceous Iskra and Novo-Monastyrskoe deposits of the Kavalerovo-Dal'negorsk district. Including the published data, potentiality of indium resources in each base metal deposit is estimated. The largest potentiality, 1100 tons In, can be expected on tin-polymetallic ores of the Tigrinoe deposits of the Arminsky ore district. Indium is also highly concentrated in the tin-copper ores of the Iskra deposits. The In-bearing ore deposits contain abundant pyrrhotite; thus formed under a low fo₂ environment.

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In 2006, many commodities of fuel and mineral resources showed high prices: e.g. some of the recorded highest prices were 8800 US/t of copper and 42850 US/t of nickel in LME, and 78.40 US$/bbl of WTI oil in NYMEX. Japanese mining companies, which got high income because of high prices of metals, carried out exploration and mining in South America. Japanese trading and petroleum companies, which also got high income, acquired interests in the world, especially in North Sea and northern Africa, and have started production of oil in North Sea, Azerbaijan, Qatar and Australia. One of technical topics is that an autonomous underwater vehicle (i.e. underwater robot) found a submarine lava plane and a submarine hydrothermal activity in Indian Sea.

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Exploration history of the Bathurst Mining Camp, Canada, was briefly reviewed, and characteristics of the tectonic setting and the ore deposits geology are compared with those of the Hokuroku Basin in Japan. Black shales are predominant and the Tetsu-sekiei markers are much bigger scale in the Bathurst Mining Camp. The most distinct differences of the Brunswick 12 deposits, as compared with the Kuroko in the Hokuroku Basin, are much high contents of indium and tin, which may have been derived from non-juvenile-type felsic volcanism in the Brunswick 12 deposits.

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Abstract: The SRG Autumnal Seminar was held on November 17 and 18, 2006 in the Nansatsu gold field, southern Kyushu, Japan. Mr. Toshihiko Hayashi of JOGMEC guided the field trip to the Akeshi mine, Kasuga mine and a few other sites where high sulfidation mineralization of the epithermal gold deposit were observed. Sixteen participants including five students could learn the high sulfidation epithermal gold system through observation of typical outcrops with complete explanation of the system.
After the excursion the participants visited the Kagoshima University Museum and gazed at a spectacular exhibition of gold ores collected from all over the country by Emeritus Professor Dr. Yukitoshi Urashima.

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The Thor Lake Be-Nb-REE-Y deposits occur related to Proterozoic (ca 2.1 Ga) high-level syenitic rocks associated with brecciation and hydrothermal alteration. The main ore minerals are phenacite, ferugsonite, columbite, xenotime and zircon. The ore deposits are interesting because of the high-grade ores, HREE-enriched character, and good amenability for the processing.

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