[in Japanese]

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The imp or the familiar is the characteristic English witch-belief, and frequently referred to in the witch-hunt documents in early modern England. The imp is a kind of demon, which is given to the witch by the Devil when they make a contact with. It was believed to cause harm such as disease or death to the human being and livestock. It was also believed to suck the blood from the witch, and to be transferred to one witch by the other witch or to the child-witch by the mother-witch. Did people consider the imp as the truth in those days? If they took the fiction as the truth, what dynamics worked there? In this paper, we investigate the problem of truth on the imp-belief in the pamphlet, W.W., A true and just Recorde (1582). In conclusion, the imp-belief is based on some truth, and the powers of the pamphlet writer and the examiner play important roles in this belief.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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This paper aims to study the Asian market from the viewpoint of the distribution theory, using the concept of universality and individuality of the globalized economy. The markets in Asian countries are increasingly influenced by economic globalization. Is it possible to categorize their markets as a part of a single and homogenous global market, neglecting cultural differences of each country? In other words, can we consider each market as being a neutral entity without characteristics? Based on this question, the author examines various characteristics of Asian markets and concludes that the process of assimilating the global market economy into an existing society is not a passive process of abandonment of indigenous social systems and values. Rather, it is a process of diffusion, where the existing society digests and select exotic matters before accepting them. Globalized markets in Asian countries are where foreign and traditional cultures are fused. It is the existing society that accepts or refuses the result of this fusion. The Asian market contains both universal elements resulting from the acceptance of the western concept of global market and individual elements that have been selected from the globalized economy.

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The Organ Transplant Act was enforced on October, 1997. This law was much awaited by patients who needed organ transplantation and by their doctors. Owing to the fact that there has been no noticeable improvement in organ recruitment, many critical opinions regarding the Act have emerged. However, these are mainly based on the patients' feelings of disappointment. Despite the fact that organ transplant is now accepted as a common medical treatment, there is not sufficient public understanding of the fact that donated organs and their transfer are indispensable elements in this treatment. Problems related to organ transplant will remain unsolved unless they are more deeply considered not only by patients, doctors and concerned specialists but also by people at large who could be latent organ donors. Human organ transplantation has traditionally been carried out in accordance with the spirit of mutual assistance. However, there are recent cases of transaction in the form of selling and buying of organs due to the fact that there are few organ donations. We need to clarify problems involved in systems used to transfer donors' organs to recipients. Forms of transactions are greatly affected by the culture of the society that individual participants belong to. In her. her previous paper, she discussed the change of property right of organ, as social norms bind both donors and recipients (Nakamura, 2004). In the present paper, the author discusses, from a market culture theory viewpoint, problems related to organ transplant, especially the aspect of organs transfer. For this purpose, the author will review several existing theories and studies regarding blood and bone marrow donors. The results of the author's research and analysis in this field will reinforce her discussion that the culture in each society plays an important role in organ transfer. Further consideration is needed in order to rebuild the existing organ donation system.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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This survey was carried out to assess smoking among the members of Taisei Gakuin University (TGU) in 2006. We distributed questionnaires on smoking to 1, 161 members (students, teaching staff, office workers and outsourcing staff). The majority of the question items were targeted for all subjects while some items were separately asked to smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. Results are as follows. 1) The percentage of the pro-smoking in TGU members was 20%, and the percentage of the smoker was 33%. The percentage of anti-smoking in TGU members was 39%, and the percentage of the non-smokers was 55%. 2) 92% of the smokers started before the legal age. 3) The reason for starting smoking was the offering from friends, but no-clear reasons were shown in the present smoking habit. 4) Some smokers showed bad smoking manners such as smoking while walking and littering a cigarette end. 5) The TGU members knew that smoking is bad for their health. 6) The percentage of TGU members wishing for smoke-free campus was 21%. According to their smoking habit, percentage was 3% of smokers, 24% of ex-smokers and 35% of non-smokers. 7) Smokers feel that cigarettes are expensive, but non-smokers and ex-smokers think that the price of cigarette should be higher. These results suggest that smoking control in our university should focus on three parts : 1) maintaining smoking areas, 2) holding workshops for good smoking manners, 3) raising awareness about smoking related disease.

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[in Japanese]

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