Objective: There is a lack of information about whether preschool-aged children are providing maximal attempts when measuring maximal strength. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between handgrip strength and fore arm muscle size across the age ranges, including children three years old. Design and Methods: A total of 166 preschool children (87 boys and 79 girls) between the ages of 3.5 and 6.5 years were recruited from a local kindergarten with the cooperation of their parents. Maximum voluntary handgrip strength (HGS) was measured with the right hand using a Smedley handgrip dynamometer. Muscle thickness (MT-ulna) was measured using B-mode ultrasound at the anterior forearm of the right arm. Results: All beta (B) coefficients are unstandardized. There was a statistically significant relationship (r = 0.525) between MT-ulna and HGS [B = 0.751 (95% CI: 0.563, 0.938) p < 0.001]. However, this relationship did not depend upon age [MT-ulna*Age in months: B = -0.0033 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.01), p = 0.658]. In other words, the strength of the relationship between MT-ulna and HGS did not vary by age in months. This was also true when age was expressed in years (MT-Ulna*Age in years: p = 0.697). Conclusion: Our results indicated that the association between baseline forearm muscle size and HGS might provide suggestive evidence that children are maximally contracting. However, we acknowledge that this correlation analysis has significant limitations. Further research is needed to observe the association between these variables through longitudinal studies to confirm the results of this study.

As with most structured training programs to enhance performance, a reduction in resistance training volume is seen during competitive periods and an emphasis is placed on technical and tactical training. For that reason, it is important to know where priorities should be placed during times of reduced physical preparation training and if the sport itself allows for the maintenance of neuromuscular qualities. Objective: Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to examine changes in strength and jump testing over a competitive period of 10 weeks. Methods: 11 male NCAA Division I completed this investigation. Each participant was tested before and after the competitive fall season. Testing consisted of countermovement jump and isometric mid-thigh pull. Paired samples t-tests were used to determine if statistical differences were present between testing sessions. Results: Significant increases in jump height (p = 0.002) and RSIm (p = 0.013) were seen in the post competitive season jump testing. Force at each time epoch was significantly reduced from pre to post-testing (p < 0.001 at each time epoch). Conclusion: Performing countless repetitions of the golf swing during the competitive season provided a stimulus sufficient to maintain dynamic task performance. The results of this investigation point to the need for practitioners to take a com plete examination of variables when analyzing performance testing. When taking into account the entirety of the test, reductions in force at task-relevant time epochs would lead to more precise programming to address needs.