We have successfully developed a full frame still camera that operates as a conventional video camera and produces a software compressed digital image data. In this system, compression, storing control and transfer of image data are realized by one microcontroller.

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We have studied a Target Tracking Auto Exposure Control System using Object Extraction LSI. This system can give proper exposure by object-weighted metering even if the object turns away from the center of the picture.

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New image stabilizing system for video movie cameras has been developed. Based on visual characteristics, we optimized motion prediction filter suitable for image stabilization. As a result new system does not need field memory, so rationalization of camera system has been achieved.

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A new type focusing system has been developed. In this system, CCD imager is driven by voice coil motor along the optical axis. As a result, we have been able to get quick zooming and focusing motions. Furthermore, by applying more optimum-designed lens unit for this system, higner-performance will be realized.

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We developed a digital signal processing LSI for home-use video camera with progressive scan CCD. Using this LSI, we confilmed high resolution, 500 TV lines in horizontal and 450 lines in vertical, and high quality electric zoom produced by new color interpolation method.

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We have developed a digital signal processing LSI for video capture use. In addition to conventional video camera processing, YC separation and digital VCO for external video input are contained in the LSI in order to decode an NTSC signal to digital YUV signals.

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We have developed a aspect ratio detection system which satisfies the requirements for displaying letter box images.

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We have developed a full digital convergence system. All process of interpolating the convergence correcting data between adjustment points, is performed by the digital filtering technique. The vertical interpolation can be done very nicely by this technique without a High-Performance CPU. The new feature of Main Deflection Correction can reduce the distortion caused by the pictorial pattern.

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In the summer of 1995 EDTV-II broadcasting will start. We have developed identification-control-signals (ICS) demodulating IC for EDTV-II. With this IC, the conventional TV set can easily identify EDTV-II signals, and automatically change the TV aspect ratio to 16 : 9.

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System considerations in the development of a 3rd-generation MUSE video signal decoder implemented on a single chip are described. We achieved low cost while improving picture quality through improvements in the moving picture filter and through development of special interfacing circuity which made it possible to use low cost general purpose synchronous DRAMs instead of specialized FIFO DRAMs.

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We developed the servo control system without custom DPG (Drum Phase Generator) to detect a rolling phase of drum motor. This system detects a tape edge from the signal played by uni-chaenel head at rising a drum and capstan motor. We realized this system in a micro-computer to control VCR all systems and motors, so that we reduced the all hardware of custom DPG.

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In the D-6 format HDTV digital VCR, high speed video data processing is simplified by Y/C independent parallel processing. Powerful error correction and shuffling are realized by the aid of ASICs. Besides, an adapter for D-6 VCR to record high data rate signals of EDTV-II or CD has been developed.

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This report describes a study on applying ISI (intersymbol interference) canceller to PRML system in high density digital magnetic recording. And it is shown that our system has better performance than conventional PR-IV and EPR-IV systems with Viterbi detector.

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The codes called"spectral control codes"are very attractive for the designers on both transmission and recording systems. This paper discusses the fundamental properties with which they have to be satisfied. Some typical examples are shown in the figure of power spectral density.

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Recentrly, the applications of TCM to Magnetic Recording have been discussed vigorously. Here we examine the TCM-8PSK system using a differential Lorentzian property as a magnetic channel model. A synchronous detector and a Viterbi decoder are used. The simulation result shows the validity of this system for high density recording.

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We have developed a new equalizing method for RLL (Run Length Limited) code. In this method, a frequency characteristics curve of total system H (f) is fit to consine curve that cut off frequency is equal to an optical cut off frequency. This method, combined whith 684nm laser diode and NA=0.55 objective lens, allows playback of discs that tangential density is twice of CD's.

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We have developed the video disk recorder which can record moving pictures for 32 minute using φ30cm double-sided magneto-optical disks. In this paper, we report a method of recording compressed pictures for long time recording.

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A new mechanism for magneto-optical video disk recorder(VDR) system has been developed. The mechanism, which is equipped with 8 optical heads (4 heads are arrenged upper side of the disk and the others are counter side), correspond to the multi-media systems. We improved new cartridge case which has thin tray inside, and up-down mechanism for a spindle motor in the loading mechanism in order to insert the disk to the narrow space between the upper heads and lower heads.

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Inclination margins of disk and lens for phase-change optical head were examined with the condition of digital recording at a bit length of a half of laser wavelength. The inclination margins for objective lens of numerical aperture 0.6 for 0.6mm in disk-thickness were more over twice than that of the lens for 1.2mm in disk-thickness according to a bit error rate characteristics.

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This paper describes a study for tape deformation using interference fringes. We developed a new system which could measure the continuous minute deformation, which couldn't be measured by conventional multipoint method, of running tape as plane by real time.

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We have manufactured a prototype of Wavelength-Division and Time-Division hybrid multiplexed (WD/TD) optical star network for broadcasting stations. The prototype has been designed to distribute 240 digital NTSC video signals, based on newly developed gain flat optical amplifier and 2.29Gb/s TD Multiplexer/Demultiplexer.

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ID display system is availabie to identify the information of character base in the image on a monitor which is multiplexed by ID inserter to superimpose on a display by ID decorder.

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We have developed a Magneto Optical Disk Recorder which applies to record digital video and audio signal without compression. We also have developed a Non-linear Editing System using the Magneto Optical Disk Recorder. This Editing System has easy human interface and makes news editing work speedy.

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We have developed a new automatic control system for many FPU receiving stations. We can control 17th FPU receiving systems located in Kanto area by this centralized LAN system automatically using scheduled data.

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The amount and quality of information which can be obtained from computer network have increased remarkably. We introduced regional weather information, snowfall and temperature at every ward in Sapporo city and its suburbs, through computer network into daily TV and radio program.

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We developed a new expert system which applies to Television Master Control System and realized high-operability.

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We have developed the TIME DELAY SYSTEM using magneto-optical video disk recorder for broadcaasting system. This paper reports a characteristic for our system that have perfact endless play and 90min. time delay which used compresion.

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The subjective assessment for the acceptable timing difference in analog RGB signal for 525-line progressive scan was done. This assessment was done by 5 grade Double-Stimulus Impairment Scale Method (EBU method). The reasonable result was obtained that the acceptable tolerance is +/-10nsec which is the half value of the 525 interlace.

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We developed realtime registration compensator system of 2/3" Super-HARP handy Hi-Vision camera. The digital detector finds registration errors in the picture during the camera operation. The registration errors are corrected by the digital registration compensator.

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High spatial frequency components of an imput image above Nyquist limit generate aliasing in the CCD imager. The aliasing pattern is expected to contain informations of the high frequency components of the imput image. Accordingly, by bringing the frequency components of the aliasing back to the original frequency, the original input image can be reproduced beyond Nyquist limit. This report describes the analysis of the aliasing and computer simulation of the image sensing beyond Nyquist limit.

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A two-tube, single CCD color TV camera has been developed that is sensitive to wavelengths of 250-1050nm (from UV through IR) and uses the false-color method. The camera thus provides spectral information unattainable by the naked eye. It is possible to select a visible light color image or two kinds of invisible-light color images by changing the filters. Applications are expected in many fields, including science, education and industry.

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Color video cameras utilizing CCD imagers are prevalent nowadays. But they suffer from narrow dynamic range against wide object incident light range. Therefore we tried to extend color camera's dynamic using electronic shuttering scheme. This paper shows theory of operation and its experimental result.

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The feasibility of a 2.6M-pixel CCD for an HDTV sensor and its resolution characteristics are studied. Greater pixel number is desirable to improve the resolution characteristics in solid-state imaging. In the case of an NTSC imager, the number of horizontal pixels has increased more than that gives a square pixel. We extend this to an HDTV imager and investigate the resolution power of both a 2M-pixel CCD and a 2.6M-pixel CCD. The 2.6M CCd which was fabricated in the form of a test element group (2516[H]×244[V]) shows better resolution characteristics than the 2M CCD does when it is driven at the pixel frequency of 97.2MHz.

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Correlation between Fixed Pattern Noise level and current ununiformity of CCD timing IC has been quantified. Current simulatrion method to examine current ununiformity has been established.

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This paper describes the experimental results of the random noise of CMD image sensor and gives the guidelines to improve signal-to-noise ratio. The random noise consists of a dark current shot noise and a channel noise of CMD pixel transistor. While the dark current shot noise increased with temperature, the channel noise was less dependent on temperature. The dark current shot noise dominated the total random noise at high temperatures. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of CMD image sensors, it is efficient that the transconductance of CMD is increased in addition to reduce the dark current.

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A floating field emitter including a photo-sensitive p-n junction is proposed and the possibility which a high-sensitive photoemission device can be realized, was confirmed from the experiment using equivalent circuit.

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Photocurrent multiplication of a-Si : H/a-SiC : H staircase photodiodes with sawtooth graded-gap multiplication region was observed for the first time. Multiplication factors M of about 6 were confirmed in 3×1000Å (500Å : a-Si : H, 500Å a-Si_<1-x>C_x : H) sawtooth multiplication region. This value is 3 time bigger than that of the usual a-Si : H pin photodiode. It was found that the photocurrent multiplication factor was changed by the band offset of the sawtooth band structure.

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Photocurrent multiplication of a-Si : H pin photodiodes was studied. It was found that the breakdown voltage of the darkcurrent depends on remained contaminants gases (hydrocarbon, H_2O). Photocurrent multiplication factor M was also affected by remained stresses in the a-Si : H photodiode films.

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A structure in which an electron blocking layer is inserted to the middle of an amorphous selenium (a-Se) layer was newly designed for a HARP stacked on the MOS scanner. Half of the a-Se layer worked as a region with decreased electric field in this structure and could avoid a bad influence from the unevenness of the MOS scanner, suppressing dark current, dielectric breakdown and shading.

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A linear MOS imaging device overlaid with an avalanche-multiplication photoconversion layer is proposed. The pixel pitch is 2.5μm, which suits to a 2/3 inch 8-million UDTV format. The readout frequency is 150MHz. The pixel electrodes which are formed by p^+-layers in a n-type Si substrate and the electric field reduction layer in the photoconversion layer enables avalanche multiplication of over 20 magnitude.

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The fixed pattern noise of STACK CCD sensor was reduced to as small as 19 electrons at 333K. This fixed pattern noise strongly depends on the dark current at the storage diode. We have reduced the fixed pattern noise by decreasing the dark current with optimization of the driving voltage and suppression of depletion layer between storage diode and channel stop.

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We have developed a new dynamic range expansion method on CMD sensor using "Source Reset Method" which enables to reset each pixels independently. We can reset only over-exposured pixels selectively, so that those pixels can be prevented from overflow. This new method was verified by the experiment described in this paper.

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We have studies a new smart image sensor which compresses image signals during image acquisition. Conditional replenishment is applied to the compression method. Each pixel of the specially desiogned experimental chips consists of a p-n junction photo diode and CMOS circuits for processing. These test chips were fabricated by a 2μm CMOS process. Two dimensional operation of the chips was successful, and their required characteristics were estimated.

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A 3-dimensional topography and optics simulator TOCCATA was developed. In combination with the device simulator SPECTRA, it can analyze optical and electrical characteristics of CCD. The sensitivity and smear characteristics of a 1/4 inch 380K pixel IT-CCD was studied by this method.

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