[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Purpose: This study aims to evaluate financial performance before and after the merge of Toyama University, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, and Takaoka National College.
Methods: Financial statements for the first half of the fiscal year 2005 of Toyama University, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, and Takaoka National College and those for the second half of the fiscal year 2005 and 2006 of University of Toyama were used to calculate financial ratio measures.
Results: Liquidity measures such as current ratio were more than 1 for the 3 universities. Efficiency measures (e.g. personnel expense / business expense), profitability measures (e.g. return on assets (ROA) and self−income / ordinary income), growth potential measures (e.g. external funds / ordinary income), activity measures (e.g. education expense per student, research expense per academic staff) significantly differed among the 3 universities. Many of these measures were approximately equal to or slightly poorer than those of other comparable National University Corporations. These measures did not change significantly after the merge of the 3 universities.
Conclusions: Financial structure differed among the 3 universities. In addition to unified financial strategy, specific strategy should be built for each campus, reflecting the differences in financial structure among the 3 universities.

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Background: Financial performance of National University Hospitals influences the overall financial performance of National University Corporations (NUCs). This study aims to compare financial performance measures of Toyama University Hospital (TUH) with those of other NUC hospitals.
Methods: Financial performance measures for the fiscal year 2006 of all NUC hospitals were calculated using segment information of financial statements. Financial performance measures of TUH were compared with those of other NUC hospitals.
Results: TUH had better financial performance for operating grant/ordinary income as a stability measure, self−income/ordinary income, and self-income/total assets as profitability measures than other NUC Hospitals. TUH had an intermediate value for research expense/ordinary expense as an activity measure among NUC hospitals. TUH had lower efficiency measures including personnel expense/ordinary expense, general administration expense/ordinary expense, and operating expense/ordinary expense. In addition, education expense/ordinary expense as an activity measure and external funds/ordinary income as a growth potential measure were also lower in TUH than in other NUC hospitals.
Conclusions: These results suggest that TUH had better financial performance for stability and profitability but lower financial performance for efficiency, activity and growth potential. Changes in financial performance measures should also be considered in building future financial strategy.

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　The contraception rate among Japanese women gets no further than the level of 50%, which is lower than those in advanced western countries at the present time. Reflecting this fact, in 2004, about 300,000 cases were put into operation of artificial abortion in Japan. Because woman's sexual consciousness and behaviors change with the lapse of times,it is considered that a research on a time−related change in the consciousness about the birth control and contraception might help to construct educational methods facilitating self−determination in reproduction in Japanese women. Under these situations,a bibliographical study was conducted to clarify the time−related change in the consciousness about the birth control and contraception in Japanese women focusing on the modern to present times. Date extracted from a total of 25 books was analyzed referring to diagnostic steps in a precede−proceed model. Our analysis showed that this change is divided into four stages, that is,the indifferent stage in the earlier times grows up gradually with the times to the germinal stage and then,after experience of the confusion stage,Japanese women face currently to the developmental stage.

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　Cytogenetic studies of pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVS), a rare tumor−like synovitis of adults, are few. A characteristic anomaly has not yet been identified for this pathology. In this study, cytogenetic analysis of a recurrent PVS of a 51−year−old female revealed the following clonal abnormalities: trisomies 5 and 7. These findings support that some cases of PVS represent clonal neoplastic proliferations. The literature data about cytogenetic aberrations in PVS and its related pathology, are reviewed.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the circumstances in which empowerment and disempowerment occurs, from a case study of a psychiatric patient undergoing rehabilitation.
Method: The subject was at 28-year-old male patient with schizotypal disorder who was undergoing SST in the psychiatric department of a general hospital. Data were gathered using interview and observation methods, as well as from medical records. The care study was conducted with life history incorporated in the analysis.
Results: In the settings in which disempowerment occurred, the aspects related to this disempowerment were found to be suffering from one's disease, difficulty in daily life, difficulty acknowledging one's disease, and state of isolation. In the settings in which empowerment occurred, the aspects related to this empowerment were found to be relationships with nurses, suffering from one's disease, difficulty acknowledging one’s disease, family bonds, setting goals, participation in SST, conversations with SST members, awareness of problems, selection of information, expansion of activities, and inproved coping ability.

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　Despite the decline in the overall mortality rates, the rates among occupations have widened. The mortality differences among occupations may be partly attributable to occupational differences of health risk behaviors. We conducted a questionnaire survey for 597 men (mean age 46.0±10.7) and 525women (mean age 40.5 ± 12.5) of local civil servants of the T city, in June and July, 2007. We regarded long work (>9h), short sleep (<6h), current smoking, daily alcohol drinking, low exercise frequency as the health risk behaviors. We analyzed the association of age, sex, and employment grade of local civil servants with the health risk behaviors. This study showed that there were associations of the employment grades with some of the health risk behaviors. To build more efficient and effective health policies, we should consider social distributions of health risk behaviors.

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　A disaster drill has been performed annually since 2006 for education of fourth-grade medical students in the Department of Crisis Medicine, University of Toyama. We introduced a drill of chemical disaster in 2008. The procedures and methods is described. Eighty medical students participated. We assigned roles of doctors, patients, and support staff and prepared them for the roles in advance. The scenario was as follow: A truck loaded with a chemical substance had an accident near our hospital; a fire occurred; a chemical substance escaped; the chemical factory building collapsed; twenty patients with moulages were brought to the hospital. Students specified appropriate examinations and treatments for the patients on triage tags. Tutors allocated to the examination room and triage posts managed the students. There were 80 minutes for preparation and 90 minutes for the drill. After the drill, the students wrote feedback reports about the drill. Students could enhance their knowledge and consciousness of emergency procedures and disaster management with this drill.

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　It has been suggested that various factors cause facial pains, some of which come from the sympathetic nervous system and others from the psychosomatic disease.
　Because a patient occasionally appeals for the pain even though central and peripheral morphological abnormalities aren't recognized, it is difficult to diagnose and treat such a case. We report two cases, in which patients still had facial pains for more than ten years after the operation. Their symptoms were improved by means of regional blocks by Xylocaine and careful explanations about the pain. These cases tell us that that patients who often go to see several doctors have possibility of improvement in their refractory pains.

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　The first International Conference on Traditional Nursing was held in Korea in 2004 with the main theme of “The Identity of Traditional Nursing in Asia−Pacific Area.” At the first conference, a deputation consisting of each representative participant from5Asia countries (Korea, China, Taiwan, Thailand and Japan) agreed that this conference should be held every two years. According to this agreement, the second conference was held in China in 2006. Following after the two preceding conference will be held in Toyama, Japan in 2008. Based on the philosophy of our university stating the collaboration among medical science, nursing science and pharmaceutical science, and fusion the western medicine with the eastern medicine. Therefore, we settle “creation of the new nursing science by combining the eastern nursing with western nursing” as the main theme. During the conference, we have several lectures by oversea speaker from Korea, China, Thailand and Taiwan in addition to special lectures on the theme.

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　A joint meeting for international collaborative study of social determinants of health and policy implications was held in Tokyo on August 27, 2008. The collaborative study is based on the Whitehall II study, a prospective cohort study of British civil servants, with international comparisons of findings from Finnish and Japanese civil servants study. Researchers from Britain reported that there were the links between social network and psychological well-being. Researchers from Finland reported there were the associations of psychosocial stress with health risk behaviors. Researchers from Japan reported that there were socioeconomic differences in physical and mental functioning and psychosocial stress contributed in part to the differences in health. The similarities and differences in findings from 3 countries and their potential reasons were discussed. Researchers agreed to include job satisfaction and work-life balance as the future research topics in this international comparison. The researchers concluded that international comparisons of data from different social welfare regimes provide useful information for further understanding of social determinants of health.

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　On 2. 17. 2006, the German Medical Association prescribed “(Muster−) Richtlinie zur Durchführung der assistierten Reproduktion Novelle 2006 (the guideline for assisted reproduction)”. This guideline binds doctors. On the oher hands, Japanese institute of gynecologist can not restraint doctors, even if they prescribe guidelines. That is to say, a doctor can continue his activity as doctor, even if he offends against the guideline. Why is it? Where does this difference come from? Let us see the system of German Medical Association.

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