The photoelectron momentum microscope—a hybrid system comprising a photoelectron emission microscope, an energy analyzer, and a projection-type two-dimensional detector—represents a paradigm shift in materials characterization. This system facilitates the simultaneous acquisition of constant-energy two-dimensional photoelectron intensity distributions, permitting high-resolution visualization of real-space microscopic images with elemental, chemical, and structural selectivity. Concurrently, it provides access to reciprocal-space electronic structures, such as Fermi surfaces and valence band dispersions, from selected localized regions. A key advantage of this methodology lies in the snapshot acquisition of spin-polarized two-dimensional distributions, owing to the seamless integration of the projection-type analyzer with a spin filter. Originating in Germany, this technology has seen increasing adoption worldwide in recent years. In Japan, systems have been introduced at several institutions, where characteristic research is beginning to unfold. This article reviews the current capabilities and future challenges of spin measurements using this advanced instrumentation.

Surface science is an important field of study in chemical reactions since all reactions have to proceed from the surface. In the large amounts of applications, one important theme is the effect of surface facets in reactions. Further extrapolation can go to the study of nanoparticles, which has improved to allow for more control in experiments, and open up many possibilities of applications. This work will highlight several points focusing more on the effects of both variables, with appropriate applications being covered in order to illustrate the differences between surfaces, as well as provide interesting points regarding trade-offs in the utilization of such materials.

We demonstrate spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy (SP-STS) with high spin resolution, achieved using two types of superconducting tips : a conventional superconducting tip and a Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) tip, which is created by decorating a single magnetic atom at the apex of a superconducting tip. Owing to their nearly full spin polarization of the density of states, both tips enable quantitative and highly sensitive measurements of the spin polarization of the sample. These techniques provide powerful means for probing emergent quantum phenomena that demand ultrahigh spin sensitivity, including the spin polarization of Majorana zero modes around vortex cores in topological superconductors.

Chemical sensors, such as biosensors, gas sensors, and odor sensors, respond specifically or selectively to chemical substances, outputting signals according to their amounts, and possessing diverse characteristics. For this reason, there is a strong demand for their use in various fields, including the environment, medicine, and food. Here, we first describe the basic structure of a typical chemical sensor, and then provide an overview of its response characteristics using Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Next, we present molecular sensing using transistors that utilize recognition reactions on functionalized graphene surfaces, developed by our research group.

GAA (Gate All Around) FETs have been developed for 2 nm-generation logic devices. This paper discusses key etching challenges and technologies for the device, Si/SiGe nanosheet etching with H₂ gas chemistry using a Microwave ECR etching tool, reduced WFM (Work Function Metal) erosion and enhanced nano-space etching capability in WFM patterning through DC pulse technology, and HK (High-K)/WFM recess etching employing an ALE (Atomic-Layer Etching)-like approach with boron deposition control. Additionally, this paper demonstrates conformal ALE of Si₃N₄ in nanoscale spaces using a Dry Chemical Removal (DCR) tool equipped with an IR lamp.