We investigated the physical activity and cognitive function of 11 sixth-grade students over 21 days, starting from the second week after the lifting of COVID-19 preventative school closures in 2020. As a result, the step count（SC）and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time（MVPA）were lower during the week of alternate attendance in the first week of the study compared to the following two weeks. However, we observed a trend of recovery in these physical activity mesurements after the second week of full 6-hour class attendance for all students. There were no statistically significant changes in cognitive function values over the three weeks. Moreover, the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function suggested that balanced mixing of sedentary time for study and moderate-tovigorous physical activity contributes to the activation of cognitive function.

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In Physical education, differences in student skills and abilities affect learning. Especially in the soccer class, degree of class participation is strongly influenced by them. The aim of this study is to clarify the issue of walking football to be a teaching material for football games to eliminate barriers such as differences in physical strength in the class. The subjects were 41 boys in a junior high school. They were divided into High （H） and Low （L） fitness groups according to the results of the new physical fitness test administered this year. The students played walking football （WF） and normal football （soccer （S）） games every 20min （10min halves） in P.E. Heart rate （HR）, Ratings of perceived exertion （RPE）, distance and speed with GPS, and number of plays （dribbling, passing, and shooting） with digital video camera were measured during the games. In WF, the percentage of low-intensity exercise and slow speed movement was higher than in S. And the number of all plays in WF increased more than S. In particularly, dribbling of L group significantly increased in WF more than S. From these results, WF can increase the participation of low physical strength students in soccer games by low exercise intensity.

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Blow rifle was born in Japan in 2011, involving blowing a ball out of a pipe using one's breath. In official competitions, there is a discipline called blow biathlon, where walking and blowing are alternated. However, this discipline is significantly influenced by participants'physical fitness levels, emphasizing the need for the development of inclusive rules. To address this, it is essential to initially examine the impact of walking speed on the accuracy of blowing. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of differences in walking speed on blow rifle aiming. Fifteen participants（ 8 males and 7 females） walked for 5 minutes at three intensity-equivalent speeds of 40% heart rate reserve （HRR）, 60% HRR, and 80% HRR, followed by five aiming measurements, then compared to the rest. Heart rate （HR）,aiming sway, and postural sway were measured. Aiming sway at 60% HRR and 80% HRR increased significantly more than during rest. No significant differences in postural sway were observed between the different speeds. If these results can be applied to blow biathlon, it is suggested that adjusting the walking distance based on a speed equivalent to 60% HRR would be an inclusive rule that considers fitness level.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of trunk movement during Nordic walking with curved pole（CP） compared to the Nordic walking with straight-poles（SP）. Twenty-one healthy young men were recruited, and Nordic walking with CP and Nordic walking with SP was measured using a three-dimensional motion analyzer. We hypothesized that the structure of Nordic walking with CP would facilitate increased trunk rotation during walking. The results showed that there were no significant differences in temporal and distance factors of gait between the two conditions. However, the results showed that the inward inclination of the pole had increased, as well as the extension and the rotation of the thorax. The rotation of the pelvis actually decreased during the Nordic walking with CP compared to that Nordic walking with SP.

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The purpose of this study was to characterize Tube Walking（TW） by comparing the changes in load of poling and pulling elastic band （Tube）, energy expenditure, and local muscle activity exerted by TW with Nordic Walking（NW） and to gain new insights into the practice of TW. Six male subjects who are skilled Nordic walkers and regularly exercise in their daily lives voluntarily participated in this study. The experiment was conducted on a treadmill at six different speeds（ 50, 60, 70, 90, 110, and 130 m/min） to compare load and muscle activity envelopes, peak load, muscle discharge, and respiratory circulation parameters during one cycle of walking. Results showed that peak load values were higher in NW than in TW, and load increased with increasing speed only in NW, but energy expenditure and local muscle activity were not significantly different between NW and TW. 　It was concluded that TW is an exercise that induces sustained force exertion by performing an arm swing movement with an extended stroke in the NW gait, and that the load is reduced to less than 50% of NW while having the same muscle discharge and energy expenditure as NW.

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　A continuation study（ October 2021） was conducted among the elderly who had incorporated towel toe-curls into their daily activities for one year from March 2018. 　Of the 47 participants （mean age 69.83 ± 4.50 years）, 25 continued （the "Continuation Group"） and 22 discontinued training （the "Non-continuation Group"）. The continuation group displayed significant increases in toe pressure, the foot arch ratio, and reach in the Functional Reach Test, suggesting it contributed to preventing falls. Participant responses toward reasons for continuing the exercises included the pursuit of self-improvement, such as" for health" and" for my own benefit," as well as for other reasons, such as" my family and friends praise me for continuing." The reasons for discontinuing were loss of instructors or someone who cared about them, with responses "I can't continue alone," and lack of interest in training, with responses "Training is too hard” and "I'm busy with work and caring for my family." The results suggest that emotional support and simpler activities may motivate people to proactively engage in exercise.

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We investigated a case of the changes in the indices of pulmonary function in one individual with a current medical history of bronchial asthma（ CHA） during the hiking of Mt. Kono in winter. In this study, forced expiratory volume in one second（ FEV1.0） with respect to rest condition （FEV1.0%fall）, predicted FEV1.0 （%FEV1.0） and an assessment of dyspnea sensation （ADS） were measured at the three points （P1: alti. 52 m, P2: alti. 341 m, P3: alti. 96 m）. From the results of changes in FEV1.0%fall, %FEV1.0 and ADS, the pulmonary function indicated a remarkably decrease during the ascending. It was to reach a level of exercise induced asthma attack under the conditions of this investigation.

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