Five species of Sino-Himalayan Euthalia are illustrated with descriptions of main specific characters, notes on geographic variations and bionomics. Figures of male genitalia are provided except E. iva. E. patala Main distinguishing characters are: (1) The upper surface of the antenna entirely black, i.e., without yellowish portion. (2) Upperside forewing, the discal spots in spaces 3 and 4 with their inner edges in line. (3) The male genitalia are characterized as follows: a. The vinculum strongly curved near the juncture with the tegumen. b. The saccus very short. c. The gnathos strongly bent. d. The valva with outwardly curved 10 or more teeth around the distal end. E. pratti Main characters are: (1) The thorax robust especially in ♂. (2) The upper surface of the antenna apically yellowish. (3) Upperside forewing, the discal spots in spaces 3 and 4 with their inner margins not in line. (4) The male genitalia are characterized as follows: a. The dorsum markedly longer than that of patala. b. The valva with 7 teeth around the distal end. c. The phallus very large, usually over 4mm in length (about 3mm in durga and patala, which have larger wing expanse). Judging from the characteristics of the male genitalia, pratti is not so closely allied to patala, though some authors treated the two-conspecific, probably on account of the superficial resemblance. E. malapana One of the rarest butterflies in Taiwan. Undoubtedly this species was derived from pratti in the mainland, but the insular isolation proceeded so long that it has attained specific entity. The main distinguishing characters from pratti are: (1) Upperside forewing, the discal spot in space 3 placed just above the spot in space 2; the two separated by the dark vein. (2) Upperside forewing, 2 small whitish spots in space 1b. (3) The male genitalia are similar to those of pratti in structure including the very large phallus, but differ from them in having the longer uncus and the valva with 5 differently placed teeth. This species occurs locally in forested hillside at altitudes from 600m to 2500m in Central Taiwan. The emergence of the butterfly appears to be later than the other species of the patala group. The flight was observed in July and August. E. confucius Main characters are: (1) The upper surface of the antenna entirely black as in patala. (2) Forewing with 3 subapical yellowish spots. (3) Upperside forewing, the discal spots in spaces 3 and 4 with their inner edges in line as in patala. The discal spot in space 2 large and parallelogram in shape. (4) The male genitalia are characterized as follows: a. The tegumen relatively low in height. b. The gnathos strongly curved. c. The ventral margin of the valva prominently produced. d. The distal end of valva with only 2 teeth. In spite of the rounded forewing apex, this species has some characters in common with patala, and may be placed near it. E. iva One of the rarest Indian butterflies. The scheme of the wing pattern is quite unique. Both the sexes recall some females of the patala group. It is assumed that this species is a relict and may be on the verge of extinction. The male genitalia were not available.
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