The design of an industrial OSLO crystallizer is based on experiments in the lab, in asmall scale pilot plant, in a semi industrial plant and in an industrial plant that has been operating for 20 years. The objective was to produce spherical particle of salt with a size of about 5 mm; the known state of the art allowed only to produce particle size of about 2mm maximum. A development was made for 2 years in lab and small pilot scale; an industrial plant was started in 1987 This paper describes the main problems encountered at all stages of development and how they were solved: choice of the main operating parameters, validation on all the steps, resolution of hydrodynamics problems and practical controls of nucleation, control of scaling Most of the solutions adopted for production of large particle size of sodium chloride are also valid for other salts production and the OSLO technology can be applied for other salt production ; in some cases, very large particle size obtained can compete with usual crystallization + drying + size enlargement by compaction technology.

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乳化重合における乳化剤の化学的役割を知るために乳化剤ラジカルの生成とその反応性が電子スピン共鳴（ESR）法によって検討された。乳化剤ラジカルの生成反応はレドックス系 TiCl3-H2O2から発生する水酸基ラジカルにより開始され，次の結果が得られた。オキシエチレン基を親水基として持つ乳化剤のESRスペクトルはオキシエチレン基からの水素引抜きで生ずるラジカル-CH2OCHCH2OCH2-によるものと同定され，疎水基の構造が異なっていても全て同じであった。PVAラジカルは2級アルコール炭素，-CH(OH)-，からの水素引抜き，それに続く主鎖切断によって生成する構造，-CH2CH(0H)，と同定された。アラビアゴムおよびヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロマイドからはシグナルが観測されなかった。ビニルモノマーの添加により乳化剤ラジカルの生成は抑制された。ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェノールエーテルラジカルについて，乳化剤ラジカル同士の停止反応速度定数 k3，および乳化剤ラジカルのVAcへの付加反応（VAcの乳化重合において優れた安定剤として働くことが期待される PVAc-b-polyoxyethylene nonylphenol etherなるブロック共重合体を与える開始反応）速度定数 k3がそれぞれ～106 l/mol・sec および～102 l/mol・sec と算出された。

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Backround:ERCP combined with the insertion of biliary endoprosthesis is considered a daily practice endoscopic intervention for the treatment of choledocholithiasis. Nevertheless, retained biliary stents for a prolonged period without follow up may cause serious complications. Case presentation:We present the case of a 62-year-old man who was hospitalized with symptoms of vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue and fever. Clinical examination and laboratory results were indicative of an intra abdominal infection. Ultrasound and CT scans were performed, identifying a 17x11.3x7.7 cm. The cause of this lesion was a retained stent in the common bile duct which was placed 6 years ago via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The patient did not attend his follow up appointments after his initial ERCP. Patient’s clinical status deteriorated, and an urgent ERCP was performed replacing the retained stent, followed by ultrasound-guided pigtail stent insertion into the hepatic abscess and administration of antibiotics intravenously. Patient’s clinical condition was improved and after two months of surveillance complete resolution of the hepatic abscess was achieved. Conclusion:The insertion of biliary stents is common endoscopic technique, but close follow up is of outmost importance. J. Med. Invest. 70 : 508-512, August, 2023

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原発性肺癌112例でCDの発現を抗 CD standard 抗体及び抗 CD variant 6抗体を用いて免疫組織学的に検索し, 患者臨床背景との関連を検討した. (CD standard をCD st, CD variant 6をCD v6と略す.) 組織型別陽性率は, 扁平上皮癌が CD st 45.7%, CD v660.9%, 腺癌は各々2.3%, 4.7%, 小細胞癌は各々0%, 0%で, 扁平上皮癌での発現が他の組織型に比べ有意に高かった. また, CD stとCD v6はほぼ同じ検体に発現しており, 肺扁平上皮癌に発現しているCDはエクソンv6を含む変異型CDと考えられた. 病期別陽性率に有意差はなかった. CD v6の分化度別陽性率は低分化型28.6%, 中分化型61.3%, 高分化型87.5%と高分化型ほど有意に高かった. CD v6は扁平上皮化生等の癌組織以外でも発現の報告があり, 肺扁平上皮癌で発現が高いのは発生母地と思われる組織での発現を発癌後も保持するためと思われた.

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CDは多型の分子族で、種々の細胞に発現している細胞表面糖タンパクである。CDタンパクは、リンパ球の活性化のような細胞-細胞及び細胞・基質の接着を媒介する。本稿で私達は、2つのCDタンパク、CDH及びCDEをコードするcDNAを分離し性状解析を行なった最近の仕事を紹介する。CDHは80-90kDの糖タンパクで中胚葉性及び神経-外胚葉性由来細胞のどちらにも発現している。接着実験によるとCDHはピアルロン酸に特異的に結合する。この観察と、ハムスターのCDHタンパクはハムスターピアルロン酸レセプターに対する単クローン抗体と反応するという発見とを併せ考えると、CDHとビアルロン酸レセプターは同一の分子であることがわかる。CDEは160kDの糖タンパクで上皮細胞の一つのサブセットに発現しており、CDHの細胞外ドメインに134アミノ酸からなる断片が余分に挿入されている。接着実験によれば、CDHとは異なり、CDEは表面結合性ヒアルロン酸への接着を媒介しない。

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We monitored the effectiveness of lymphoma therapy by measuring the serum levels of soluble CDstd (sCDstd) and soluble CDv6 (sCDv6). Furthermore, we measured the level of soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R). A total of 24 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were enrolled. sCDstd, sCDv6, and sIL-2R on serum were measured using ELISA system. In all patients, only the sIL-2R level decreased significantly following therapy. However, an analysis of CR and PR showed that the degree of decrease in the sCDstd level was significantly greater than that in the sIL-2R level. Furthermore, among the CS IV cases, only the CDstd level decreased significantly after therapy. These findings suggest that the level of serum sCDstd reflects clinical pathology more closely than the level of serum sIL-2R in CS IV patients and those who respond well to therapy. Moreover, when T-cell and B-cell lymphomas were analyzed separately, the levels of sCDstd and sIL-2R decreased significantly after therapy in patients with Bcell lymphomas, and the degree of decrease in the sCDstd level was very significant with a pvalue of 0.0003. This suggests that when sCDstd is used as an index of treatment, it more closely reflects the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. Level of serum sCDstd should prove to be a useful marker for assessing the effectiveness of lymphoma therapy.

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  Mast cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells and undergo terminal differentiation in the tissues, in which they are ultimately resident. Heterogeneity of tissue mast cells is, therefore, one of the key concepts for a better understanding of immune modulation by mast cells. Since no appropriate culture model has been developed for tissue mature mast cells, it was difficult to investigate the tissue-specific functions of mast cells. We established a novel cutaneous mast cell model by modifying the previously reported co-culture system with fibroblastic cell line. This model shares many characteristics with cutaneous mast cells, such as staining properties, sensitivity to cationic secretagogues, and higher levels of granule histamine and proteases. We extracted the candidate genes that should regulate differentiation and functions of mast cells by analyses of the gene expression profiles during the co-culture period. We further investigated the functions of cluster of differentiation (CD), which is the primary receptor of hyaluronan in mast cells, since CD was up-regulated during the co-culture period. Fluorescence study revealed that mast cells expressing CD were bound to the extracellular matrix containing hyaluronan and lack of CD impaired proliferation of the co-cultured mast cells. In the −/− mice, the number of cutaneous mast cells was significantly decreased. Reconstitution analyses with the mast cell deficient strain revealed that CD expressed in mast cells should be required in the proliferation in the cutaneous tissues. In the next phase of mast cell research, it might become increasingly important to focus on the heterogeneity of tissue mast cells.

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Low molecular weight, heparin(LMWH)possesses multiple nonanticoagulant properties.In the present study, we observed its anti-airway allergic inflammatory effects by bronchoalveolar lavage in guinea pigs.Guinea pigs were sensitized by repeatedly inhaling aerosolized ovalbumin.LMWH(400u/l, 800u/l), dexamethasone(1.2mg/l)or vehicle(normal saline)was inhaled for 7 days.Then the animals were sacrificed under anesthesia and then lavaged with ice-cold Hank’s buffer immediately;bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was prepared 24h afterr the animals were challenged by antigen exposure.The effects of LMWH on total cell counts, absolute eosinophil counts and cell catalogues in BALF were studied;effects on the activity of eosinophil peroxidase(EPO)and the contents of histamine and eosinophil cationic protein(ECP)in BALF supernatant were detected.Our results showed that compared with the vehicle group, LMWH at 400u/l and 800u/l could significantly reduce total cell counts, absolute eosinophil counts and percentage of eosinophils in BALF(P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively);LMWH at 800u/l markedly inhibited the activity of EPO in BALF supernatant(P<0.05);LMWH at 400u/l and 800u/l remarkably reduced the content of histamine in BALF supernatant(P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), LMWH at 800u/l decreased the content of ECP(P<0.05)significantly.It suggested that LMWH exerted anti-airway allergic inflammatory action by inhibiting infiltration of inflammatory cells and reducing release of inflammatory mediators, as well as antagonizing their activities, and that LMWH could be developed as a potential anti-bronchial asthmatic drug.

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