Recentry mortality has decreased and Life Expectancy at birth increased, thus lengthening the aging population of China. In addition, the One Child Policy, designed in 1979 in China for slowing growth of the population, has acceralated the aging population in China more rapidly than in Japan. On the other hand, the health care of aged people is very necessary for the improvement of their Quality of Life (QOL). Concerning these social needs, Chinese Government and Japanese Aging Research Center have conducted comparative studies on health and care of aged population between China and Japan, and the author has contributed in these studies. The results were as follows: 1) Concerning the subjective health situation, the number of aged people who answered "very well" was higher in Tianjin than it was in Tokyo, even though the percentage who answered "bad" was almost the same level in both Tianjin and Tokyo. 2) Concerning the ability of daily life, active healthy aged persons account for about 90% in Tokyo, but about 80% in Tianjin. 3) As to care for aged persons, care-takers are the main consort in both Shanghai and Tokyo. In Shanghai, aged parents are usually cared for by their own sons and daughters, while in Japan, aged parents are usualy cared for by their daughters-in-law.

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This paper aims to analyze the effect of facilities on elderly migration. Questionnaires on migration were sent out to the elderly who moved in Ichikawa City in 1997 and 1998. The distance between their addresses of origins or destinations and the nearest facilities were also measured by Geographic Information System (GIS). This paper examines the relations between the distances and the answers of the questionnaires. The finding is that the migrants supporting themselves moved a short distance. Some migrants moved nearer to center of the city for the convenience of shopping. Patients with high blood pressure moved nearer to hospitals or cardiology clinics.

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日本では高齢化が急速に進行している。中でも農村部の高齢化は著しいといわれている。その実態を知るため, まず, 日本人の平均寿命, 出生率, 人口転換, 年齢構造, 人口高齢化のスピードの国際比較等を概観する。また, 県別, 市町村別, 農村部に分けて, 人口の高齢化の現状をみる。つぎに, 厚生省所管のゴールドプランや老人保健福祉計画など高齢化に対する施策を概括する。最後に, 農林水産省所管の農山漁村高齢者ビジョン, シニアアメニティプラン, および農業農村整備事業の中で取組みが始まった「農村総合整備事業 (高福祉型)」の内容と事例を紹介する。

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Mainly by the four times questionnaires for the tenants of a home for the aged, against whom all the expenses are charged, in 15.5 years from when it was opend, The major findings on a reshuffle of the 293 tenants are as follows: 1) The majority of the 293 tenants moved into it within 6 months from when it was opend, and their average age is 69.6. But the later the tenants moved into it, the higher their average age was. 2)The 89 tenants moved out in 15.5 years from when it was opend, by death or moving.

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骨粗鬆症と歯周病の関係を把握する一助として, 閉経後女性骨粗鬆症患者の口腔内所見, 上に歯周病所見を調査した。対象は, 骨粗鬆症のために通院中の女性患者35名 (以下O群, 腰椎骨密度測定者18名, 橈骨骨密度測定者17名, 63.0±1.5歳, 以下平均±標準誤差) である。また, 愛知学院大学歯学部附属病院歯周病科でランダムに選択した平成7年来院の骨粗鬆症を有さない60歳代歯周病女性患者20名 (以下P群, 63.6±0. 6歳) の口腔内所見と比較した。骨密度は, 二重エネルギーX線吸収法により測定した。O群の身体所見は正常であったが, 骨密度は, 平均で若年期標準値の60.5±1.3%に低下していた。しかし, 両群の骨密度と歯周病所見との間に有意な相関は認められなかった。現在歯数と処置歯率の平均は, それぞれ0群23.0±1.3歳, 60.0±4.1%, P群22.6±1.5歯, 53.2±6.2%で, ほぼ同一であった。一方, 歯周病罹患歯率 (4mm以上のPDをもつ歯の割合) とプロービング時の歯肉出血率 (BOP率) は, それぞれ0群46.2±6.3%, 37.5±4.2%, P群39.6±6.3%, 24.6±4.4%で, 0群がやや悪化傾向を示した。従って, 高度な骨粗鬆症患者では, 歯周病が進行していることが示唆されたが, 今後さらに対象症例を増やして詳細に検討する必要がある。

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In 1997, average age of Japanese men is 77.19 years old, though that of women is83.82, so Japanese women live about 7 years longer than men. A percentage of old womenin total number of old people, is as higher as older.
In these days, Japanese people are worrying about the life of old age. Especially, many people feel anxiety about economic matters, nowadays.
This paper makes clear about economic problems of old age and differences betweenmale and female, by means of analyzing statistical date on domestic income and expenditure, and so on.
Consequently, it is revealed that Japanese old women live in worse economic circumstancesthan men. Household Income of old women is fewer than that of men. Old womenreceive fewer old age pension than men. Old women who have their own propertyare very few.
On the other hand, A trait of old people's household expenditure is that health andmedical cost is very high. In relation with this, the ratio of women having medical treatmentis higher than men, that means much expenses for medical treatment are using forwomen. Besides, a ratio of women having health examination is lower than men.
Moreover, total number of women living in various kinds of homes for old people ismore than men. Because women marry men older than themselves usually. And womenlive longer than their husband and become widow living alone, children living apart. So, when old women become infirm and need help, no one is at home.
For the purpose of solving old people's care problems, the Care Insurance system isestablished. But the anxiety about health and economic matters of old age is not solved. The more services you receive from the Care Insurance, the more money you must pay. So, how the cost of health care should be maintained is a big problem.
Therefore, women should have their own occupations, income and social insurance entitlement. Society and Social policy should take every possible means for these purposes.

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In China, an increase of the aged population has been noted due to the following factors: (1) low mortality rate, (2) prolongation of life span, and (3) employment of the One-Child-Policy regulation. A study on the life cycle has been held in Shanghai and Zhejiang Province; the most concentrated areas of aged populations in China. Regarding the percentage of the aged within the Chinese population, Shanghai is presently compared with the Japanese population of 1980, while the Zhejiang Province is compared with the Japanese population of 1970. The Chinese life cycle has changed widely at the same time by prolongation of life-expectancy mainly among the aged population. Life expectancies are 73.5 in males and 77.4 in females in both areas. Therefor it has become very important in the aged population of China of adopting a policy of how to live a meaningful "Third Life". In regard to the above mentioned social needs, the Family Planning Committies of the Governments of Shanghai and Zhejiang have conducted an actual life survey on 1, 600 elderly people. The survey results on the life cycle of aged in China are follows; 1) The childbearing period which is the interval between the birth of the first child and that of the last child after marriage is 13.9 years. 2) The period of dependent children which is the duration from the birth of the first child to the graduation of the youngest child is 27.7 years. 3) The period of a three-generation household which is the term from birth of the first grandchild to death of the grandparent is 20.6 years in males and 29.2 years in females. 4) Male post-retirement period which is the term from retirement to death is 13.5 years. 5) The period of dependent elderly parent which is period from father's retirement to the death of the both spouses is 21.0 years. 6) The period of widowhood which is the term between the deaths of the two spouses is 8.6 years.

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With the decreasing mortality and the enforcement of "only one child family policy", China is becoming an aged society. It will be impossible to provide care for the elderly only depending on family supports when the family structures have changed tremendously and the aging population steep rising. Our study focused on the views of the parents with only one child in family in China. The aim was to identify the problems regarding the health care for the elderly, and analyzed the care needs for the elderly in the future. After 547 college students receiving basic courses in a university in the south China were selected, self-administered questionnaires were mailed to their parents. A total of 331 parents who responded were regarded as research objects (Overall response rate was 60%). The results were as follows. 1) The opinion on the care of the elderly was changing from conventional care provided by family members to the mixture of the family based care and the home care services in one-child family. 2) Since elderly care supported by family is limited, only half of the subjects expressed their worries concerning the health status, economic and health care in the future when they or their family members become old. 3) Regardless of their income level, more than 70 percent intent to use both family's care and home care service. Moreover, they were likely to depend on care centering on home care service as the home annual income became higher. 4) More than 80 percent preferred the institutional care, and they expected the more institutions as a future policy option. 5) As one of the measures against the aged society in China, improving the preventive activities and health care services, increasing the number of medical facilities and improving the quality of home care services is impending.

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