ソーシャルフットボール（カルチョソチアーレcalciosociale）は、イタリア・マルチスポーツ社会統合協会（Associazione Nazionale Polisportive per l’Integrazione Sociale：ANPIS）が推進する、社会統合を目的としたサッカーである。イタリアにおける精神障害者は、地域社会の中で生活しながら、この競技に取り組んでいる。競技形態はわれわれの知るサッカーに近いが、大会様式・チーム編成・競技規則については、社会統合の理念にもとづいた特徴的な形式をとっている。イタリアの精神医療の歴史と社会背景を踏まえつつ、ソーシャルフットボールを紹介する。さらに、発展途上にある日本の精神障害者フットサルの現状も踏まえつつ、国際化に向けた課題について触れる。

    This study aimed to clarify techniques for kicking along various trajectories toward variously positioned targets in direct free kicks in soccer. Four experienced soccer players (career：12±0.8 years) belonging to a university soccer club participated in this study. Participants were asked to kick a soccer ball to 4 targets at various combinations of vertical and lateral positions in the goal (3.5 m left of center and 3.5 m right of center; 1.2 m from the ground and 2.2 m from the ground) from behind a screen (height 1.8 m×width 2.5 m) positioned 9.15 m in front of kicking points. Participants kicked from 3 positions located 20m from the goal (center of goal, 3.5 m left of center, 3.5 m right of center). The behavior of the kicked ball was recorded by 4 normal-speed video cameras and analyzed using three-dimensional direct linear transformation. Two high-speed video cameras were used to capture parameters related to ball rotation; one was placed facing the kicker and another was placed beside the kicker to capture the moment the ball was kicked. Results indicated that the lateral component of the Z-coordinates tended to approach the center of the goal and varied more widely than the vertical component. Additionally, lateral kicking direction was the most important parameter to kicking along various trajectories for all participants and combinations of target positions. The kicking direction for greatest reduction of error appeared to differ by strategies for kicking along various trajectories. Lastly, vertical kicking direction was an important parameter to kicking along various trajectories for some participants, but for other participants, initial velocities as well as kicking direction were important parameters.

This year is the 100^th anniversary of the RIKEN, the original campus of which was located at Komagome, Bunkyo-ward in Tokyo. There Dr. Yoshio Nishina “the father of Japanese modern physics” initiated “Japanese accelerator-based science” in 1930’s and led to the world top level. But after the defeat, its level had been behind America and Europe. Through the long-time struggles, Japan successfully has caught up them, and now is again on the top level. In this article, I describe briefly a history of RIKEN’s ion accelerators, and looked back over the construction of the RI Beam Factory (RIBF) unparalleled in RI beam production capability, which we proposed and led.

The purpose of this study is to attempt a reflection on the relationship between the mediatization/technologization of sports and violence.

The emergence of sport in the modern era was accompanied by a union between “suppression of violence” and “viewing enjoyment”; however, media technology, which has sought to impose rigor in sporting decisions, has led the public to realize that, as typified by decisions by video assistant referees (VAR), truth can be verified by machines but cannot be captured by the human senses.

Yet, according to Arendt, people’s humanistic activity is neither the “production” that creates technology nor the “labor” (industry) that is accelerating the technologization process. “Labor” is an activity that is necessary to live, and in today’s world, “production” has also been subsumed in that “labor.” In public spaces, which are free from such necessity, human beings are recognized by others, and acquire reality as existence, through sensus communis of the body, by means of “actions” (exchanging words, etc.) performed in places of direct exchange (the common world) involving multiple people.

Viewed in this way, the mediatization/technologization of sport is inherently “violent” in that it reduces the sensus communis of the body into “vision” and deprives people of the “power” to form the common world and public space. What is important in modern sport, where the progress of technologization is inevitable, are direct places of exchange involving multiple persons (public spaces), such as the social intercourse and general meetings seen in the context of sports clubs, as well as the power to create such spaces.