Japanese society has been characterized as “company-orientated” society. But it begins to be reconsidered owing to confronting white-collar dismissals. As a result of the situation like this, Tokyo Managers' Union was established in 1993. The dismissed white-collar managers and workers join the union to solve their problems. This has a tendency to form the anti-company orientated character. This paper, which reports the research consisting of the interview with fifty one members of Tokyo Managers' Union, has two main purposes. One is to show Tokyo Managers' Union as a labor union and its activities. The other is to demonstrate the member's alteration of consciousness that affects the connection with “company-orientated” society. In the paper, “company-orientated” society means the society where companies have control over their employee's entire life. First, this paper reveals that the philosophy and action policy of Tokyo Managers' Union are opposed to the system of “company-orientated” society to suppress labor union and workers. The leaders of Tokyo Managers' Union not only place emphasis on fulfilling the demands of workers throughout the consultations, but also try to profit from supporting individual initiatives of them through the mutual cooperation among the members; therefore the union has anti-bureaucratic tendencies and emphasizes the independence of union members. Second, the paper also gives an account of the member's alteration of consciousness. Most of the people of Tokyo Managers' Union have had a sense of loss on labor problems, a need-disposition like financial compensation, and a sense of morality to set their company’s unreasoning act right as initial motivation. They have cultivated the anti-company orientated consciousness, which set a higher value of the responsibility of self-determination and the equivalent relation, through the union's problem-solving activities. Some members leave the union after settling their problem. The others who have strongly the consciousness still stay and support the activities of the union for a prolonged period. This alteration of consciousness can be evaluated as the valuable attempts to redefine “company-orientated” society. Also, it is the future subject for me to determine the position of this survey in theoretical labor union researches.

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本稿の課題は,日本の労働組合運動の新たな動きをアメリカの社会運動ユニオニズムと比較し,日本における社会運動ユニオニズムの可能性について論ずることである。まず,アメリカの社会運動ユニオニズムのモデルを示す。それを現在の日本の労働運動と比較し,日本の労働運動のどこに社会運動ユニオニズムの可能性があるのかを議論する。「年越し派遣村」や「反貧困ネットワーク」は,労働運動と社会運動の結節点としての「場」になっていること,草の根のユニオンは労働相談を出発点にネットワークを形成し,派遣切りにあった労働者の深刻な現実に向き合うなかで,派遣村に合流していること,連合は地域労働運動の強化と非正規労働問題への取り組みを進めながら,地域の社会運動やNPOなどとの連携を模索し,「全国ユニオン」の要請を受けて派遣村に参加したこと,これらの運動に今後,社会運動ユニオニズムとして発展していく可能性があることを論じる。

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Japanese small local unions, often called 'Community Unions', organize each individual worker who is in trouble with their employers. Such unions are known to be remarkably active segments of the Japanese labor movement today, in contrast to most big Japanese trade unions. In this paper, the author asserts that these local unions are working like NPOs (Non Profit Organizations). Based on a survey carried out at eight local unions in Tokyo and Kyushu in 2000, also the author points out that even non-members are provided with chances to access to these unions. As such, these local unions can be viewed as public good, which are available universally to every person in the locale and the unions can be said to be playing a public role through their activities. It seems as if the unions are able to do the following: (1) promote connections between the public sphere of labor movements and other 'new social movements'-such as those that involve human rights activists, feminists, ecologists, and so on; (2) make humanistic ties among local workers and construct labor-management relationships within communities; and (3) effect the policies of big trade unions and national centers in Japan.

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80年代の臨調・行革に始まる新自由主義政策の下で労働分野での規制緩和も進められてきた。このような労働の規制緩和はいくつかの段階を経て2000年前後から本格化し,小泉政権の下で雇用・労働政策は大きく変容することになった。本稿の課題は,このような新自由主義政策の具体化としての労働政策の変容をめぐるアクター間の配置と構造を検討し,規制緩和の現段階と対抗関係を明らかにすることにある。とりわけ,2006年以降の「反転の構図」に注目しながら,それが何故どのようにして生じてきたのか,最近の「潮目の変化」を生み出した背景と要因の解明に焦点をあてることにしたい。

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