第5回ICPRは, 昭和54年8月16日までの会期で, オランダ・アムステルダムにて"Use of Resources, Production Technology and the Quality of Life"メイン・テーマに開催された.本大会会議の理事および総会議長を務められた村松氏, 大会でchairmanを務められた黒沢氏, 人見氏, 研究発表をされた人の中から北島氏, 市村氏に依頼し, 大会を通じての印象を執筆いただき, 誌上座談会風に編集した.司会を古川編集委員長が, 記録整理を田中編集委員が担当した.以下にその内容を示す.

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The fragment molecular orbital（FMO）method is a theoretical method that enables quantum chemical calculations of whole bio-macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, yielding the energies and electron densities of whole molecules as well as interaction energies between fragments. The FMO calculations of protein complexes that have been structurally analyzed experimentally allow for quantitative analysis and physicochemical interpretation of intra- and intermolecular interactions within the complexes. Here we describe the quantitative analysis of structures and interactions using the FMO method, i.e., the “structure and interaction basis” obtained through the complementary use of experimental structure and the FMO calculations.

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　Soseki’s short story “The Tower of London” (1905) is a curious mixture of the record of his visit to that great historical monument and the gruesome fantasies associated with human agonies suffered by many victims confined there. The author，going round that ancient building just as Dante went through the “Inferno”, literally sees dreadful things performed —such as the murder of the infants of Edward IV and the execution of Lady Jane Grey.

　In the note to his own work，Soseki admits that he is indebted to Shakespeare’s Richard III and Ainsworth’s Tower of London. But the detailed investigation reveals that he has got some of his ideas from W.R. Dick’s Short Sketch of the Beauchamp Tower，a kind of guidebook which Soseki bought in the Tower. From these works Soseki picked up various passages related with the visitor’s regular route of the Tower, irrespective of the original stories or plots，and changed these passages into very impressive scenes or images. He also took up the historical paintings of Delaroche and re-expressed the scenes in his own words. Then he assimilated these images or scenes into his own context, producing a kind of surrealistic effect. Especially noteworthy is his ingenious use of the devices similar to the techniques of cinema, such as “fade-in”,“fade-out”, “close-up”,“montage”,etc.

　It is through these unique devices that Soseki succeeded in creating a peculiar world of his own, consisting of the report of his personal experience and of the representation of the nightmarish scenes connected with the history of the Tower.

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20世紀後半の日本サッカーの隆盛は、社会的・文化的な変化のより広い文脈に言及しないで十分に把握することができない。そこで本論文では、サッカーを参加している観衆による一時的な集団のために特定の条件下で作り出されるイベントとして捉える。そして、人類学の見地から、サポーターと観客がスポーツイベントの「演技」における中心的な役割を占めていることについて論じる。また、社会学的な見地から、その特定の構造と中身 (スポーツ) のために、イベントが後期近代の住民の社会的ニーズを満たすために適切であることを開示する。その結果、イベントの中心的な意味がその特別な経験を強調し続ける一方で、一般的なイベントの意味が特別なことから普通のことに変化したのにつれて、サッカーが日本社会のイベント化の中で典型的な役割を演ずるようになったことを論じる。

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In 1903, Hirata was sent to go to England for three years as a student of the Department of Education in order to study “English and a Method of Teaching English”.
On the 21st of Fubruary, he left Yokohama for England, taking with him words of encouragement and farewell gifts presented by his teachers and his students. He arrived in London at the end of April. While staying in Japanese Cosulate, he saw the sights of London and sometimes visited the museums. He also frequented the theaters with his friends to see the plays such as “Much Ado About Nothing, ” “Dante, ” “Sapho, ” “Tristram and Iseult”.
He met Mr. Osman Edwards again whom he had maintained a close friendship with in Japan five years before. When he was in Japan to study Japanese plays and actors, he was accompanied by Hirata to the plays (Noh and Kabuki) and sometimes translated his essays of “On Japanese Plays” into Japanese so that Edwards could contribute to Japanese magazines.
This time, Edwards welcomed Hirata warmly, showing him around London to see the art museums and theaters. He often took Hirata to the Playgoer's Club.
Hirata also visited Hogetu Shimamura. Shimamura had been staying in England for a year as a student from Waseda University and began a friendship with him in London. Before long Hirata decided to go and study at Oxford University and moved there. Hirata's association with Hogetu in Oxford continued until he left for Germany at the end of July in 1904. The state of their association can be seen in “Diary from March 8, 1902” written by Hogetu himself. Hirata associated with Japanese students in Oxford with an introduction from Hogetu. In October he began to present himself at the lectures of Dr. H. Sweet, Prof. Walter Raleigh, Prof. A.S. Napier, Lecturer E.de Selincourt at Merton, Magdalen, Balliol College and so forth.

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This paper analyzes business ethics both in the period of the Industrial Revolution and during the decline of the British economy in the late nineteenth century. It begins by discussing the social strata from which businessmen emerged and the kind of opportunities which they made use of in doing their business. There have been lots of arguments on the origin of entrepreneurs and their business performance, but according to recent studies, entreprenuers tended to come not from the bottom but from the middle of society.
The motives of entrepreneurs in the Industrial Revolution were described in the works of Samuel Smiles. His most popular book was Self-Help, published in 1859. His idea derived from Adam Smith's concept of laissez-faire. Smiles worked in railway companies as a secretary for more than twenty years, while he wrote various books and articles. It is interesting to compare his ideas as set out in his books with his actual performance, as the companies became larger and their organization more bureaucratic.
The question is why businessmen's spirits flagged at the end of the nineteenth century. I analyze first the social structure in the late nineteenth century and then the changing patterns of business ideas, recently well summarized by M. J. Wiener. Indeed his viewpoint is widely accepted in Japan as well, but I criticize it with the help of the arguments of P. Payne and W. D. Rubinstein which pay attention to historical factors neglected by Wiener.
This paper examines critically current discussions on the topic of British business ethics, and reconsiders the stereotype of the British businessman which has become a handed-down orthodoxy in the Japanese academic world.

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