The present study aimed to enhance the mutual understanding between Japan and Korea through an investigation of clothing behavior, and obtain basic data for fashion marketing aimed at the elderly. A questionnaire survey was conducted on individuals aged 60 years and above living in urban areas in Japan and Korea, from Spring to Summer 2003. Data adopted for the analysis in the present study was obtained from 134 Japanese males, 137 Korean males, 177 Japanese females, and 168 Korean females. The main results obtained from the survey are as follows: 1) Regarding living conditions, it was found that the source of income for unemployed elderly was largely dependent on pensions in Japan, and on support from children in Korea. Regarding hobbies, while traveling was common among the elderly in both countries, taking lessons and participating in religious activities were characteristic of Japan and Korea, respectively. 2) According to the average scores among 26 items in a 5-point evaluation regarding clothing preference, which included aspects of selecting and purchasing clothes, dressing, and fashion sense, it was observed that the elderly in both countries attached greater importance on the mobility, functionality and handling properties of materials, and had a strong desire to look clean, elegant, and young, rather than slovenly. The main difference observed between Japanese and Korean elderly was that both male and female Koreans preferred to dress more plainly than Japanese. 3) In the factor analysis, 3 to 4 factors with an eigenvalue of ≥ 1 were extracted for both male and female Japanese and Koreans, and the factor “aware of others' evaluations” was consistently cited as the first or the second factor. Factors reflecting “comfort” and “functionality” were also observed in all groups. The factor “dressing appropriately for the elderly” was observed only in male and female Japanese. 4) In the factor analysis examining individuals in their 60s, and those in their 70s and above, the factor “purchasing with strong preference” was observed only in individuals in their 60s. The factor “preference for luxury items” was observed in both age groups among Korean females. Among Japanese males, “dressing to look young” and “dressing appropriately for the elderly” were observed as the factors for individuals in their 60s and those in their 70s and above, respectively. Among Korean males, the factor “dressing to look young” was observed only in individuals in their 70s and above, and “dressing appropriately for the elderly” was observed in both age groups.

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東北地方の企業は、距離の遠さや製造コスト高などを理由に海外展開への関心が薄いとされる。国内一のスピードで人口減が進み、急速な需要や市場の縮小に直面している秋田県内の企業も例外ではない。しかし、海外需要を自社の活力につなげようと展開している中小企業もある。筆者は 2018 年2 月下旬?3 月中旬、中国やシンガポールに進 出した、あるいは進出間もない秋田県内企業を中心に、隣県である青森、山形の企業も含めて調査取材を行った。本論文では、取材先企業への調査取材を基に、秋田という地方から海外に商機を求めていくことの意義について考察する。地方の中小企業が海外進出するには、まず日本国内での経営が技術面、資金面でも確立されていることが大前提となる。その上で、自社製品の特性を十分に理解できるパートナーをいかに見つけ、現地社員を育てていくかが極めて重要である。人間関係の構築に労力を費やし、経営者が自ら動いている企業ほど、中長期的な視野に立ち戦略を軌道に乗せている。中国や東南アジアに進出を考える地方中小企業の課題として、現地勤務する日本人社員同士の交わりが決定的に薄いとの声も上がった。行政や支援機関には、県人会などのような親睦組織に限らず、経済・経営の面で、進出後のフォローや隣県、東北地域を巻き込んだ接点の構築を再考すべきだと考える。他方、地方政府の支援環境は依然活発であり、日系企業の海外進出には、地元地方政府との関係構築が不可欠だろう。姉妹都市や友好提携など県内自治体がこれまで締結してきた政治的関係を維持しながら、ビジネス案件の具体的な構築や進出後のフォローアップを図るべきである。

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