On crystallization of CaCO
3 from Ca (NO
3)
2 aqueous solution by the homogeneous precipitation technique using the hydrolysis of urea ((NH
2)
2CO+3H
2O→2NH
4OH+CO
2↑), the effect of reaction conditions on morphology of CaCO
3 was studied. The products at 70 to 90°C were calcite and aragonite. Stirring method of reacting solution was found to give a significant effect on morphology of CaCO
3. In magnetic stirring, the product was exclusively cube-shaped calcite under the reaction conditions examined (temperature; 70 to 90°C, [urea] = 0.2 to 1.8M, [Ca (NO
3)
2] = 0.05 to 0.2M). On the other hand, the product without stirring was mainly needle-like aragonite. In the latter case, the content of calcite decreased with increase in reaction temperature and decrease in urea concentration, and reaction at 90°C and [urea] = 0.2M gave pure aragonite by X-ray diffraction. The formation of calcite is considered as follows.
When reacting solution is stirred by magnetic stirrer, aragonite is formed at first and transforms into calcite by a dissolution-precipitation mechanism. Compaction of aragonite particles between stirrer bar and vessel wall seems to enhance the dissolution by a mechanochemical effect.
Reaction temperature is found to give a remarkable effect on the size of aragonite and the particles become small with increase in reaction temperature.
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