健康志向や自然志向の高まりから，里山景観の中を歩くことができるフット

では，中高年層の利用需要が増している。里山はなだらかな丘陵地に広がるため，分岐点で道迷いが発生しやすく利用者自身の読図力が求められる。本研究では，東京都町田市に位置する多摩丘陵フット

パス

を対象に，AR 技術とナビゲーション機能を融合したフット

パス

のセルフガイドアプリを開発した。中高年層32 名に，開発したアプリと従来の紙地図による案内地図との評価を比較するアンケート調査を行った結果，被験者の地図利用に対する感情，経験などの個人属性との関係性から，開発したアプリの有効性を確認した。

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近年，健康寿命の延伸やQOL向上の為の効果的な活動として

が注目されている。日常生活において継続可能な習慣を獲得するためには，個人の身体的，心理的特性を踏まえ最適化された動機付けの手法が必須となる。本研究は習慣の動機付け手法確立の基礎研究として，幅広い年齢層を対象としたオンライン調査により，習慣と心理特性との関連を検討した。調査協力者は20代から50代以上までの男女1600名とした。調査項目として，や他の活動の習慣化に関する調査項目，心理特性を測定する質問紙（TIPI-10，BIS/BAS，DTDD，LOC，公正世界信念，BREQ-2改変）を用いた。主な結果として，習慣のない集団（N＝800）においても，潜在的に習慣化を希望する割合は全年代を通して50～60％と多く，そのうち大多数（80％以上）が内的動機付けによるものであると示された。また，心理特性との関連では，行動抑制傾向（BIS/BAS）やサイコ傾向（DTDD）が強いほど，に限って習慣化を妨げる要因となることが示された。これらの結果は，継続すること自体に困難はなく，だけが続けられないという個人の心理特性を示唆している。

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    The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the sports consciousness and situations of amateur players who are not registered in the Japan Football Association (JFA) in comparison with those of JFA athletes. From this, the author considers the factors that make amateur players become more actively involved in playing football. The method of the study was based on the predictive model of sports behavioral science. The results show the major factors which contribute to a quantitative increase in activities of playing football, and also suggest that, by taking these results into consideration, the JFA will be able to expect a rise in the number of football players, which will lead to a further development of the football market in Japan.

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今回我々は, JTバレーボール部に所属する男性10名 (平均年齢24.7歳) , 及び湧永製薬ハンドボール部に所属する男性10名 (平均年齢25.3歳) を用いて, バレーボールのスパイク時ないしハンドボールのシュート時における咀嚼筋の活動様相をテレメータにより記録分析するとともに, 記録された咀嚼筋の活動様相とスパイク・フォー・ムないしシュート・フォームとの関連性について分析した.その結果, スパイク時及びシュート時における明らかな咀嚼筋筋活動の発現が被験者全員に認められた.しかも, 運動動作の強弱に同調して, 咀嚼筋筋活動も変化した.これらのことから, バレーボールのスパイク動作及びハンドボールのシュート動作と咀嚼筋機能との間には密接な関連があることが明らかとなり, における全身運動に咀嚼筋が関与している可能性が示された.

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高校生2,461人(男子1,293,女性1,168)を対象に観に関連する要因を質問紙を用いて調査した。観の現状を分散分析を用いて分析し,多重回帰モデルで運動部員の観に関連する要因を分析した結果,以下のことが明らかになった。1)観の個別質問項目の性別・部所属別の平均値は男女ともに3.1-4.4の問にあり,概ね,消極的肯定の評価であった。2)観及び構成因子別の平均値では部所属の要因に主効果が認められ,運動部所属群が非所属群及び文化部所属群に比べて,観,の価値性,マンの卓越性,の非低俗性の得点が高かった。また,の非低俗性において性の要因に主効果が認められ,の価値性では男子が女子より,の非低俗性では女子が男子より得点が高かった。3)運動部員の観に関連する要因の連関モデル(ダイアグラム)の共分散構造分析の結果,男女ともに,観形成については部活適応感と学校生活適応感が高く,ヘの態度・意識を高め,観を高めていた。4)部活適応感に対しては,男子運動部員では部活苛立事及び日常苛立事が少なく,部活有能感やコーピングスキルが高く,部内PSSが多く,部外PSSが少ないほど,部活適応感を高めており,一方,女子運動部員では部活苛立事が少なく,部活有能感やコーピングスキルが高く,部内PSSが多く,部外PSSが少ないほど,部活適応感を高めていた。5)学校生活適応感に対しては,男子運動部員では部活適応感が高く,部活苛立事があり,部活有能感,セルフエフィカシーとコーピングスキルが高いほど,学校生活適応感を高めており,一方,女子運動部員では部活適応感が高く,部活苛立事があり,部活有能感,セルフエフィカシーとコーピングスキルが高く,部外PSSが多いほど,学校生活適応感を高めていた。以上の結果から,高校生の観(意義や価値)は肯定的であるものの消極的な評価であり,を文化の中でも価値的序列の低いものと見なす文化的偏見や軽視が現存していると判断される。次に,観形成については男女運動部員ともに,部活動適応感と学校生活適応感が高く,ヘの態度・意識を高めて,観を高めると言える。そして,その部活適応感及び学校生活適応感はストレス(部活及び旧常苛立事),問接的・直接的対応能力としての部活有能感,セルフエフィカシー、コーピングスキル及び直接・緩衝支援としての部内・外PSS等によって規定される。すなわち,観を高めるためには,良質の直接的な経験・学習は当然のこととして,豊かな経験ができる環境と条件及びそれらを自律的に作り上げていく能力や支援態勢が重要であると言えよう。

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This study addressed the topic of how beginner soccer players attach meaning to the aspects of the game from the perspective of “occurrence.”

The study method used in this paper was a phenomenological purely descriptive one in which the learners themselves described from an internal perspective their directly sensed kinaesthetic sensations, rather than movement described from an external perspective.

From the results, a soccer game can be classified into the following five aspects: (1) from a crowded to a vertical aspect (2) a prolonged vertical aspect, (3) from a crowded to a spread out aspect, (4) Occurrence of movement that matches the games situation, and (5) an active aspect.

In this study, the following considerations were made according to this transformation:

(1) The soccer game is interpreted to be involvement as an encounter phenomenon that develops toward an intrinsic goal.

(2) For physical sensation and situation sense, there was an effort-oriented attitude toward sensation.

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    Recently, the carry-over of physical fitness or physical activity from childhood to adulthood has been actively discussed. However, the carry-over effect of participation in organized sports is not well understood, despite the fact that organized sports participation has a number of positive effects on physical, mental, and social aspects. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to clarify the association of organized sports participation during school age with organized sports participation and sports volunteer participation in adulthood. The data was secondarily obtained from “nationwide questionnaire research for promotion of sports activities according to the life stage” conducted by the National Recreation Association of Japan. This research was conducted with 1,200 Japanese adults (612 males and 588 females) who were 20-39 years old. Path Analysis was conducted with respect to each sex. Regarding association of organized sports participation in school-age with organized sports participation in adulthood, participation in elementary school was related to that of junior high school, participation in junior high school was related to that of high school and adulthood, and participation in high school was related to that of adulthood in males. By contrast, in females, participation in elementary school was related to that of junior high and high school, participation in junior high school was related to that of high school and adulthood, and participation in high school was related to that of adulthood. With respect to association of organized sports participation in school-age with sports volunteer participation in adulthood, only organized sports participation in high school was affected in males, and only organized sports participation in junior high school was affected in females. There is a possibility that participation in organized youth sports has a carry-over effect for adult sports involvement. In order to promote organized sports participation and sports volunteer participation in adulthood, enhancing organized sports participation in school-age would be valuables.

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The purpose of this study was to categorize spectators in Albirex Niigata’s home games from the aspect of spectator motives and to clarify the characteristics of sports spectators, who constitute a mature market for professional sports. A total of 3,312 samples were classified into four clusters through non-hierarchical cluster analysis by applying the sports spectator motivation scale (Performance, Social, Achievement, Escape, and Drama). One-way analysis of variance, multiple comparisons, chi-square test, and residuals analysis were performed to understand the characteristics of each cluster. Then, based on the characteristics, these clusters were named floating spectators, introverted spectators, habitual spectators, and enthusiastic spectators. The floating spectators cluster was composed of people with weaker commitment and involvement with the club. This segment showed low scores on all sports spectator motivation factors and had a significantly higher proportion of fans in their 40s and first-year fans than other segments. The introverted spectators had a significantly higher percentage of those who had supported the club for 2-4 years. It showed high scores for Performance, Achievement, Escape, and Drama, but a low score for Social. The habitual spectators had a significantly higher proportion of fans who were older adults and had been supporting the club for more than 10 years compared with other segments, and they also had lower scores for Escape and Drama. These scores suggested that such fans expect a type of scheduled victory for the club and that watching games in the stadium has become a part of their daily lives. Finally, in the enthusiastic spectators, the percentage of fans in their 20s and younger was significantly higher, and they had a strong commitment and involvement in the club. Albirex Niigata is expected to realize sustainable growth by developing and implementing a marketing strategy that reflects the characteristics of each segment.

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千葉体育学会／山梨体育・科学学会／兵庫体育・科学学会／山陰体育学会／広島体育学会

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of Kinästhese soccer players. In or-der to achieve this purpose, firstly literature on the reason that why soccer players cannot handle the ball deliberately have been reviewed. According to the literature, making the game more ap-pealing and using“ art of foot” was the main reason of prohibiting soccer players from handling the ball deliberately. Secondly, meaning of kicking the ball has been studied. As a result, kicking the ball is a kind of behavior which determine losing or winning of the game. As for the Kinästhese soccer players, we concluded that conscious effort [I will kick the ball] is one of the major charac teristics which should be considered by coaches.

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北海道体育学会／東北体育・学会／茨城体育学会／北関東体育学会／東京体育学会／神奈川体育学会／長野体育学会／新潟体育学会／北陸体育学会／東海体育学会／京都滋賀体育学会／大阪体育学会／奈良体育学会／岡山体育学会／山口県体育学会／四国体育・学会／九州体育・学会

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