In recent years, many ceramics with various kinds of properties have appeared on the market. These ceramics are employed for a few mechanical and electronic parts. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the machining performance of machinable ceramics which have been newly developed. The machining performance of machinable ceramics is investigated and is discussed from view point of the relation between the flank wear of tool edge and the roughness of machined surface on the workpiece. The tools were K10 sintered carbide and CBN. In cutting tests by turning, the cutting speed was varied from 50 m/min to 200 m/min. The flank wear was measured by a tool makers microscope, and worn parts of the tools were observed with the SEM.
The results obtained are as follows:
(1) In the finish cutting for machinable ceramics, the best cutting condition was obtained as cutting speed of 50 m/min, feed 0.025 mm/rev, depth of cut 0.2 mm by tool of WC sintered carbide, and these condition for CBN tool was cutting speed of 100 m/min, feed 0.025 mm/rev, depth of cut 0.1 mm.
(2) Tool life of CBN tool was larger than WC sintered carbide.
(3) The cutting force increased at high speed cutting.
(4) The chamfer angle of -15 on the tool edge gives the best surface-finish and the long tool life.

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There are so many approaches to discuss the characteristics of Space organization in the city and the region.
Analysis fon the facade of structure which compose the city and the region is a kind of approaches to recognize the characteristics of the city and the region.
The matirials of the facade, elevation of structures and direction of circulations will change the density, transition, flow and etc. of space.
Koyasan Kongobuji Temple area which is called religious town was discussed as the study area to find ont quality of space organization.
Space sence which peoples recognize in visnally and mentally is classified in three criterion-Open, semiopen, close in conceptually.
The degree of closing in this area, the element was recognized as “enclosure”, “dark” and “mental coercion” and substance was recognized as architecture, tree, mountain, sun light and materials of the facade.
Organization from element to substance was analyzed through the highet of elevation, intensity of illumination and distribution of materials.

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最近10年間のグローバル化の急激な進展は、企業間ネットワークを拡大させるとともに、ビジネスモデルにおけるサプライチェーンの重要性を高めることになった。今や、良質な製品の生産に加えて、顧客が満足する供給条件を競争してよりより速く達成しなければならない。すなわち、ビジネスデザインには業務および情報のフローにもとづく従来のようなビジネスモデルデザインに先立って、フローデザインをせざるを得なくなつた。さらに市場の変化に迅速に対応するのに、ビジネスデザインのPDCAサイクルにプロジェクトマネジメントが必須になってきた。

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AP liner composing of hydroxyapatite and zinc oxide(Taihei Chemical Industrial comp., Osaka)was developed for the purpose of a liner material.To evaluate a cell toxity and a harm to the vital pulp tissue, both an in vivo and an in vitro study.
In an in vitro study, a lined L-cell was used(adopted)for a cell toxity screening test.L-cells were cultured in α-MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. After 24 hours of subculture, test materials of 0.2g were incubated in the medium after sterilization. The number of the cells were counted by an electronic cell counter every 24 hours by trypsinization. Although carboxyrate cement and zinc oxide eugenol cement affected the cell growth, AP liner did not significantly suppress a cell growth and activity comparing with control culture.
In an in vivo study,10 dogs (40 canine teeth,20 of each for control and experimentation)were performed under general anesthesia and then sacrificed at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after operation. The specimens were made in the routine manner after decalcification.
Congestion due to operation was observed but no other change was recognized at 2 weeks and no obvious change was observed at 4 weeks.
AP liner had no harm to the vital pulp tissue comparing with a calcium hydroxyoxide liner(dycal)on zinc phosphate cement(elite cement 100).
AP liner has a enough mechanical strength to reconstruct a cavity and to give a retention form.Judging from these results, we concluded that AP liner had no toxity and harm to the living cells either in vivo or in vitro and that was suitable material as a liner of a cavity.

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循環型経済社会の構築には, ものづくりを担う生産も循環型生産システムに転換を図らねばならない。その為には, リユースやリサイクルのしやすい商品 (エコ商品) に変えるなど商品戦略の転換を図ると同時に, インバースマニュファクチャリングを組み入れた-連の回収システム構築が不可欠である。
この実現には法的, 税制面での支援制度も重要であるが, 生産管理においても, 回収システムの品質評価, 生産性評価及び工程管理面でのリユース・リサイクル製品の部品供給管理手法の確立が望まれる。本論文でその理論的考察を試みた。
また, 循環生産工場 (静脈フロー) の品質評価や生産性評価の結果をリユース・リサイクル設計にフィードバックし, 商品企画や商品設計に反映して初めて循環型生産システムを実現することが出来る。

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