From 10:00 am on November 29, 1997 at Heiseikokusai University, the six members reported their research findings on the given topic, "Disclosure of Public Information." This was followed by a question and answer session in the floor. I was selected as coordinator of this Symposium. Being novice coordinate. I hesitate to say that we glided through the Symporium. Nevertheless, thanks to the cooperative, understanding and tolerant members, the Symposium closed very successfully.

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コンピュータを利用した遠隔同期協同作業環境における作業支援の方法について考える。相互行為リソースとしての機能に注目して身体を遠隔作業の場に再構成するという考え方に立ち、同期型CSCLシステムに複数マウスカーソル機能を実装した。本研究では、このシステムの評価をおこなう。評価にあたっては、他者のマウスカーソルが表示される設定と、自分のマウスカーソルのみが表示される設定を用意し、それぞれの設定における協同作業のしやすさを、大学生を被験者として比較した。作業場面のビデオ分析をとおして、被験者らが、マウスカーソルを相互行為リソースとして利用しつつ、遠隔指示を成し遂げ、また、分業の編成をおこなっていることが明らかになった。

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1. Introduction It is now important to take the stand on the disclosure of information in principle and to think about how to protect various interests such as the right of privacy because the disclose of information is indispensable in democracy. In particular, criminal procedures most strongly confront people's basic rights because they are the procedures to punish them, so the visibility of those procedures is naturally demanded on the principle of democracy. 2. Disclosure of a trial (1) TV broadcastint of a criminal trial In this information-oriented society, a television is a superior medium to broadcast a huge amount of information simultaneously and promptly. O. J. Simpson's trial clearly showed how TV enhanced people's awareness of the judial system. The disclosure puts a trial under people's supervision so that the appropriateness and fairness of a trial may be ensured. The demand for a disclosure means not only direct disclosure but also indirect disclosure through mass media. (2) Disclosure of settlement record of a criminal lawsuit To request the disclosure of a trial record can be positioned as the disclosure of the sovereignty of a nation. The disclosure of the record of a lawsuit concerning the findings of facts, the degree of a penalty and other record related to legal proceedings is strongly required and appropriate in order to guarantee fairness of a trial. However it is not going too far to say that in reality a trial record is never disclosed in Japan. Because the disclosure of a criminal trial is strongly requested as people's right to know, the record of a criminal lawsuit must widely be disclosed to the general public. (3) Disclosure of evidence (discovery) In our country impeachment at an investigation stage has greatly been revised and now each case is severely examined. Moreover most evidence to maintain a public trial is collected at this stage, so information is monopolized and procedures are used in an unfair manner. The disclosure of evidence possessed by a public prosecutor is required at a public trila to correct such unfairness and monopoly of information. Furthermore, as people are highly attentve to how human rights are handed at the investigating stage, the disclosure of evidence is indispensable to promote the visibility of investigating activities and secure appropriate investigating activitees. 3. Information disclosure and criminal sanctions (1) Criminal sanction against violation of information disclosure A penalty for a violaton of information disclosure must be imposed in a humble and reserved manner. Such a penalty must have a limited meaning of enforcing non-substitutional, intentional obligation and be understood as an indirect means to ensure that obligation should be discharged. (2) Protection of privacy and criminal penalty in the infromation-oriented society In this information-oriented society, the Criminal Law aims to balance the protection of personal information and the disclosure of information in its efforts to solve the problem of how to protect and what extent to protect information to be disclosed. 4. Information disclosure and problem of classified information - violation of doctor's obligation to keep medical information confidential. Medical information is a personal information on a parient. At the same time it is public data on medical treatment in general. Therefore, there is a problem of the disclosure of a patient's chart to a patient himself or herself. And the disclosure of medical information to patients themselves is a prerequisite for guaranteeing their self-determining right, so it is a problem of patients' right to know. 5 Megan's Law - limitation of information disclosure This Law means if a sexual criminal against children leaves prison at the expiration of his or her term or is paroled and tries to live in a local cummuniry, if the state government

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本論ではコンピュータを利用した遠隔同期協同作業における複数マウスが、どのように作業を支援しているかを比較実験によって示す。比較実験には、Kneading Boardシステムを利用した。他者のマウスカーソルが表示される設定と、自分のマウスカーソルのみが表示される設定を用意し、それぞれの設定における協同作業のしやすさを、大学生を被験者として比較した。他者のマウスカーソルが見えることによって、①協同作業におけるポインティング、②場の共有感・ライブ感の構成、③協同作業の場において次に何がおこるかという予期が、可能になっていることがわかった。

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The act of child abuse is often performed by the protector of the abused child under the veil of "discipline", so the abuser does not have the strong sense of guilt, nor is the abused conscious of the fact that he or she is the target of a crime. That is why child abuse is called "a hidden crime". Most of the acts of child abuse are performed behind closed doors and continue for a certain period of time. In most cases such acts are not discovered by an outsider easily. Moreover the act of child abuse is performed between the special relationship such as the relationship of a parent and a child, so that it is difficult for the abused children to recognize themselves as a victim and the children tend to be resigned to their situation. Not only that, the abused children often form the sense of guilt because they feel they are also responsible for such an act. In 1961 C.H. Kempe advocated "the Battered-Child Syndrome" concerning the actual conditions of child abuse which has the special characteristic of a hidden crime. Nearly 40 years later, finally in Japan, "the Law concerning the Prevention and Others of Child Abuse (the Child Abuse Prevention Law)" was passed and effected at the plenary session of the House of Representatives on May 17, 2000. Since the enforcement of the Law, the number of acknowledged cases of child abuse and the number of arrests have been increasing rapidly, so it is true that the very enactment of the Law has promoted the notifications of child abuse cases and the arrests of abusers. It is also true that in the Japanese society where Confucian ideas still remain in people's mind, like in Korea, child abuse by its own parent was a taboo which we should not talk about or even think about. However, realities were opposite. In this paper, I will discuss the role that criminal punishment should play to prevent child abuse, while grasping the actual conditions of child abuse today and the Japanese ideas that have led to such conditions. As a conclusion I would like to propose the active introduction of punitive provisions of the laws by demonstrating that conventional punishment which emphasizes its function of sanction should emphasize its function of forming the new sense of norms in child abuse and furthermore that punishment should actively perform its supplementary function to facilitate welfare-oriented intervention by the government going beyond its general preventive function. Contents 1. Introduction-Actual Conditions of Child Abuse 2. The Abuse Prevention Law and Punishment 3. The Role of the Criminal Law in Child Abuse 4. Conclusion-the New Function of the Criminal Law

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見守りと監視は表裏一体である.子どもがいつどこで何をしているのかを保護者へ報告することは常に監視されているという捉え方と,見守ってもらえているという捉え方の両方が可能である.これは,システムだけでは解決できる問題ではなく,子ども自身がどう意識するかに依拠する点である.監視として疎まれては,システムを構築しても利用されず目的を果たせない.果たして子どもたちは,監視と捉えるのか見守りと捉えるのだろうか.そこで,子どもがいつどこで何をしているのかを保護者へ報告するための携帯電話によるシステムMMRS(Mind Map and Relief System)を開発し,子どもと保護者に対し,その使用感を尋ねた.その結果,「自分の今の気持ち」や「居場所」を保護者に伝えると「ほっとする」あるいは「ややほっとする」と回答している児童が実験者の8割を越すなど,監視よりも見守られている安心感を示す子どもが多かった.監視ではないかと大人が躊躇する以上に,子どもたちは,危険からきちんと見守ってもらいたいと思っていることを示す結果であった.また,携帯電話の操作性に対しても,子どもたちは8割以上が「使いやすい・やや使いやすい」と回答していた.一方,保護者の側は,「使いやすい・やや使いやすい」と回答した割合は3割に留まったが,子どもの居場所がわかるとほっとすると8割以上が回答しており,保護者向けシステムの操作性の向上などが今後の課題として残された.

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