We have already developed ecological risk assessment models for Tokyo Bay and fse Bay, called AIST-RAMTB and AISTRAMfB. Using these models, users can easily estimate environmental concentrations of chemicals and their risk to marine organisms on Windows-based PCs. Based on these models, we developed a similar model suitable for the Seto-Inland Sea, called AIST-RAMSIS (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology - The Risk Assessment Model for Seto-Inland Sea : AIST-RAMSIS). Environmental concentrations of chemicals can be estimated only by setting parameters of loading fluxes and calculation period using dialog-based graphic user interfaces (GUI). Using the estimated environmental concentrations of chemicals and their no observed effect concentrations (NOEC) for a target species, either risk to the species or an ecological risk can be determined. The results of environmental concentrations of chemicals and associated risk can be stored as CSV or image format files, and these results can be efficiently used or modified in other applications for other purposes.

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A double-blind clinical study was carried out on subjects with Japanese cedar pollinosis for the evaluation of the effects and safety of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea, which contains epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl)-gallate (O-methylated catechin), and a combination of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea and ginger extract, with ‘Yabukita’ green tea as a placebo. First, the effect of the combination of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea and various vegetable extracts on cytokine production inhibition was investigated using mast cells ; the simultaneous use of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea and ginger extract was found to suppress cytokine (TNF-α or MIPI-α) production to a remarkable extent. Subjects were given 1.5 g of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea, ‘Benifuuki’ green tea containing 30 mg of ginger extract, or ‘Yabukita’ green tea with water twice every day for 13 weeks. As cedar pollen scattering increased, the severity of pollinosis symptoms among the groups was observed to increase in the following order : placebo group>’Benifuuki’ group>’Benifuuki’ and ginger group. Eleven weeks after the beginning of treatment, during the most severe cedar pollen scattering period, symptoms of runny nose and itchy eyes were significantly relieved among the ‘Benifuuki’ group compared with the placebo group (p<0.05). In the ‘Benifuuki’ and ginger group, runny nose, itchy eyes and nose symptom scores were significantly reduced at the eleventh week, and nasal congestion, sore throat and nose symptom medication scores were significantly reduced at the thirteenth week compared with the placebo group. Among all test groups, hematological examination, general biochemical examination, determination of total IgG, CMV antibody titer, and serum iron content, and interviews throughout the intake period found no changes related to clinical problems. These results suggest that intake of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea over one month is useful in reducing some of the symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis, and did not affect normal immune response in subjects with Japanese cedar-pollinosis. It was also found that the addition of ginger extract enhanced the effect of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea.

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The Hidaka range ( the highest peak is Mt. Porishiri which is located in the intersection of 42°43'N.L. and 142°41'9''E.L. and is 2052m in height) consists of much plutonic and metamorphic rock (Hidaka Complex), and the range is a very interesting place from the phytogegraphical point of view. The summits and kar of the Hidaka range are covered with alpine flowers and many of the peaks are covered with Pinus pumila. Forest of Betula Ermani is dominant on the saddles and slanting-surfaces. The plants that I recognaized on the range are 229 species, 131 species of them being alpine plants. The phytogeographical elements of these alpine plants are as follows : Number of common species-Hokkaido ; the Yupari 87 spp. (80%), Mts. Daisetsu 105 spp. (59%), the northwestern part of Hokkaido 75 spp. (56%), the Rishiri Isl. and the Rebum Isl. 71 spp. (53%), Southern Hidaka 65 spp. (49%). Others ; the northern part of Honshu 96 spp. (72%), the middle part of Honshu 97% spp. (73%), the Kuriles 89 spp. (67%), Saghalien 77 spp. (58%), Kamtchatka 66 spp. (50%), the northeastern part of Asia 61 spp. (46%), Korea 45 spp. (34%), North-America 40 spp. (30%), Europe 30 spp. (23%), the southern part of Honshu 17 spp. (13%), etc. The endemic species of this range, are Salix hidakamontana, Melandryum hidaka-alpinum, Trollius citrinus, Trollius Nishidae, Oxytropis hidaka-montana, Oxytropis Kudoana, Sanguisorba japonensis, Primura hidakana var. kamuiana, etc. The species of disjunctive distribution, are Arenaria Katoana, Pulsatilla nipponica, Drada japonica, Dryas octopetala var. asiatica, Swertia obtusa var. stenopetala, Eritrichium nipponicum, Pedicularis apodochila, Crepis hokkaidoensis, Agrostis Trinii, etc.

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水田皮膚炎の原因となる烏類住血吸虫セルカリアの中間宿主ヒメモノアラガイについて, 乾燥した水田の稲株で越冬する集団, 初夏の水田で越冬貝から発育した大型貝集団および産卵後に生じた新生貝集団の水田内における分布様式を明らかにすると同時に, 越冬集団の分布を左右する土壌水分量および土壌粒子の組成との関連について解明した. 越冬貝, 大型貝および新生貝の各集団とも水田内では均一に分布せず負の二項型に適合する集中性の不均一な分布をし, 集中度は新生貝 > 越冬貝 > 大型貝個体群の順に強かった. 分布様式と集中度から考えると, 翌春水が張られた後稲株から出た越冬貝集団がこの水田の中央部寄りで成熟, 産卵後に分散して行き, 水田周縁部に集まったものと考えられた. 秋の繁殖期に産出された稚貝は, 土壌水分のより多い場所を選び稲株の地下茎に潜入することによって, 乾燥した冬の水田で生きのびるものと考えられ, また, 水分の多い場所の土壌はそうでない場所に比べて細砂の割合が高く, 粗砂の少ない組成をしていた.

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