The objective of this study is to reveal the floor plan characteristics of townhouses in Hida-Takayama. Hida-Takayama has two preservation districts for groups of traditional buildings and multiple townhouses, which form the core townscape of historical urban development. Traditional survey reports and research papers have mainly focused on the floor plan classification of townhouses in the preservation districts; thus, the overall understanding of the preservation districts and their surroundings and the characteristics based on the restoration study of the townhouses remain unclear. Previous research by Dr. Kunikazu Ueno focused on the “Tateyazousaku-tategu-kosaikakiagecho (Kakiagecho)” of 1843 and provided an overall summary based on the reports and illustrations of townhouses of upper-class townsmen in Hida-Takayama. This research showed a floor plan analysis of townhouses but did not provide the specific details of the floor plan characteristics such as flared rooms and zigzag plans. Therefore, in this study, we created a restoration floor plan based on field surveys and document investigations of townhouses in the preservation districts and their surroundings, considered the correlation analysis from the townhouse floor plans described in the “Kakiagecho” of 1843 to examine the floor plan characteristics of townhouses in Hida-Takayama, and revealed the following points.
An examination of the floor plan characteristics of townhouses in the “Kakiagecho” revealed that there is an outer doji (dirt floor) with an independent komise (substore) or mise (main store) at the front and an inner doji widening out into flared rooms such as the kitchen at the back. The living spaces are mainly two-row or three-row floor plan structures consisting of over seven rooms. Zigzag plan in depth direction are observed at the front and back living spaces of the majority of townhouses. Additionally, the back living rooms had spacious sitting rooms with the zigzag plan in frontage direction tending to merge with zigzag plan in depth direction. Comparing the restoration floor plans of existing townhouses, in addition to the five townhouses that have been discussed in the past, we found one more townhouse that showed a close resemblance to the floor plans in the “Kakiagecho.” When looking at the restoration floor plans, living spaces can be broadly classified into one-row structures with over three rooms, two-row structures with over five rooms, and three-row structures with over seven rooms. In large townhouses with a wide front area, mainly the three-row structured ones, there were some cases where a courtyard was established in the front corner with an adjacent tearoom. In particular, we observed a connection between the komise on the side at the front and the doji with flared rooms such as kitchens at the back. Additionally, zigzag plan in depth direction were observed in most of the two-row and three-row structured townhouses, and approximately 60% of them have zigzag plan in frontage direction creating a living space in the back with a spacious sitting space. These characteristics match the floor plan characteristics of the townhouses in the “Kakiagecho.” Furthermore, we considered the reason for the zigzag plan in depth direction and indicated the possibility that this was to provide spacious sitting rooms and altar rooms at the back of the gable side living space as well as the ability to move in and out of these rooms without entering the front kazuki, a room unique to Hida-Takayama.
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