Purpose: This study was conducted to develop comprehensive scales for work-related stressors of Yogo teachers responsible primarily for school health, to examine their validity and reliability, and to clarify the structure of relations among demographic characteristics, work-related stressors, and depression by path analysis using these scales.
Methods: For 738 Yogo teachers working in Tokyo Metropolitan public elementary, junior, and senior high schools, we administered anonymous, self-report questionnaires assessing items including demographic characteristics, work-related characteristics, and depression measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) . First, we performed exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis for 80 items of those 18 hypothetical stressor scales by responses obtained from 398 subjects. After verifying the construct validity and internal consistency of the scales, we developed work-related stressor scales for Yogo teachers. Furthermore, we produced a hypothesis model by multiple regression analysis after examining the relation among developed scales, demographic characteristics, and the CES-D scale. Finally, we revised the hypothesis model by path analysis to produce a model comprising significant paths.
Results: We developed “69 items of 16 scales work-related stressor scales” using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Those scales comprised general work-related stressor scales, and stressor scales specific to Yogo teachers. Construct validity and internal consistency were generally acceptable in most scales. The final path model, by which the relevant structure among demographic characteristics, work-related stressor scales, and the CES-D scale was examined, showed that the CES-D scale was significantly related with “poor human relations/atmosphere in the workplace (β =.17),” “poor mental compensation (β =.16),” “ambiguous assignment (β =.15),” “workload burden influencing work-life-balance (β =.17),” and “insufficient technical support of medical health treatment (β =.13) .” Furthermore, significant relations were found between demographic characteristics and work-related stressor scales. That is, Yogo teachers who had a school counselor in school showed lower scores on scales of “poor human relations/atmosphere in the workplace” and “insufficient technical support of medical health care.” Those who had more personal connections showed lower scores of “poor mental compensation.” Based on the path model, the CES-D scale score was suggested to be increased as the score of stressor scales increased, as influenced by demographic characteristics.
Conclusions: We developed comprehensive scales for work-related stressors of Yogo teachers. Construct validity and internal consistency of the scales were proved to be generally acceptable. Based on path analysis, we clarified that the levels of depression were elevated as the work-related stressors developed, influenced by demographic characteristics.
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