By the revision of River Law in 1997, public involvement (PI) procedure during the forming process of river improvement plans (RIP) was introduced. However, except several cases, participation in PI procedures by local residents was inactive. In this research, activation factors of PI procedures during the RIP forming process are investigated by case analyses focusing on the basin characteristics of geology, geomorphology and human activities. As a result, (1) dispute over dam construction, (2) participation by residents having strong interest in river improvement because of experiences of flood or drought, (3) participation by members of the organization related to river-use activities and (4) active information provision and opinion survey through various methods by river manager were indicated as the major activation factors. In each river basin, its basin characteristics affect these factors, and especially (1) and (2) are largely influenced under certain conditions of basin characteristics.

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瀬戸内海西部・周防灘西岸に位置する行橋平野の地形発達を, 沖積層の内部構造と珪藻分析が示す環境変化に注目して, 明らかにした。行橋平野の沖積層は下位より最下部砂礫層, 下部砂層, 中部泥層, 上部砂層, 最上部泥層の5つの部層に区分できる。平野中北部の下部砂層下部の年代は約7,700年前を示したが, この層準からは淡水棲珪藻のみが出現する。下部砂層上部には海水棲種が含まれることから, 行橋平野のこの地点では下部砂層堆積中に海域の侵入をうけたことがわかる。中部泥層は Cyclotella striata, Melosira sulcata などの海水～汽水棲珪藻を多産することから, この時に海進の高頂期に達し, 行橋平野の北部を中心にして広く内湾域が出現したと考えられる。中部泥層上部の年代は約4,800年前を示した。上部砂層は貝殻を含む砂からなり, 浜堤に連続することから三角州前置層として中部泥層堆積後の河川による埋立が行なわれたことを示す。海水棲珪藻は+1.8mの層準まで出現し, これが後氷期の海進の最高海面の高さを示す。しかしながら現在の潮差を考慮すると, 現在が最高海面の時期である可能性も大きい。

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This is a case study of Oita Prefecture, in order to identify the causes and how central place hierarchy has been changed ecologically since 1920.
To measure the centrality-index of each central place, the writer has used the formula derived from B. Tietz's:
Cci=m′Pc(a/b-1)÷m
where Cci is the centrality-index of central place C in the time ti, mPc is the population of cetral place C in the time ti, a and b are the proportion of the trade and service workers to each population in the central place C and the region R respectively, and m is the changing ratio of the population in the region R during the period. He thinks that it is better than W. Christaller's formula, especially to measure changed quantatives of centralityindices during the period 1920-1965.
In 1920, the central places of Oita Prefecture classified A to G order were distributed as shown in fig. 3. Since then most of lower order centres have declined consistently (fig. 2). This decline is attributed to the competition from higher order centres, as well as the spread of service establishments of lower order into trbiutary areas of lower order centres. Whereas Oita has grown rapidly, the higher order centres such as Nakatsu, Hita, Saeki etc, grew until the pre-war time or immediately after the war, but turned to decline shortly thereafter. Hence, the writer thinks that a hierarchical system of central places dominanted by Oita has gradually been established in Oita Prefecture.

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It is possible to find out about the rice crops in lean years by studying the reductions in land taxes. In this paper, the auther focuses on land taxes as indices of the crops and elucidates the distribution of the reductions in land taxes in Kyushu, Chugoku and Shikoku district where there were regions severely hit by planthopper damage. The Shogunate government granted loans to feudal lords whose land tax in Kyoho 17 (1732) was less than half of their normal land tax. In Kyushu, Chugoku and Shikoku, loans were granted to all independent clans located within the following boundaries; the southern boundary lay on the south of the Takanabe and Hitoyoshi Clans, and the eastern lay to the east of the Mori and Tosa Clans. With regard to the Chikugo Kurume Clan, Nakatsu Clan (Buzen Domain, Chikuzen Domain, Bingo Domain), Bungo Oka Clan and the lzumo Matsue Clan, clans and domains can be arranged as follows in order of the rate of reduction of their land taxes: Nakatsu Chikuzen Domain, Kurume Clan, Nakatsu Buzen Domain, Matsue Clan, Nakatsu Bingo Domain, Oka Clan. In the villages of the Karatsu Domain, the Fukuoka Domain, the Kokura Domain, the Buzen Domain of the Nakatsu Clan and the Bungo Domain of the Nobeoka Clan, the land taxes paid for the paddy fields dropped to less than 10% of the Harumendaka. There were, however, villages in the long, narrow valleys of the interior where the drop was small. In the Bungo Domain and the Buzen Domain, some villages paid no land taxes for their padday fields although the fall was small compared to villages on private lands. All the villages however, were entirely exempted from paying taxes for their plowed fields. As for the villages in Aki and Bingo in the San'yo belt, there was a great reduction in the land taxes of the Aki villages, marking a sharp contrast with those of Bingo. Among the villages of Bicchu, there were large drops in the land taxes paid by the Shogunate domains while there were little reductions in the land taxes paid by private domains. In the Shogunate domain of Mimasaka, the drop in the eastern part was smaller than that in the western. In the lzumo Matsue Clan and the Shogunate domain of Iwami in the San'in belt, though there were some villages which paid no land taxes for their paddy fields, the land taxes paid for the plowed fields were the same amount as the Jomen. The ratios of the land taxes for the paddy fields and plowed fields in the Hamada Clan are not clear, yet the reductions in their land taxes are almost the same as the overall reduction in the land taxes for both paddy fields and plowed fields in the Shogunate domain of Iwami. In the lyo Matsuyama Clan, priority was given to securing seed rice, which meant that they paid no land taxes. That which could be used as seed rice was presented as tax and compensation was granted instead by the clan in the form of soybeans. In the Ochigun Domain of the Imabari Clan, there were two groups with great reductions in land taxes among the 52 villages located in and around the Imabari plains. As for the villages of the lyo Saijo Domain situated on the Niihama plains, the reductions in their land taxes were extremely small.

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河川空間整備間基本計画や基本設計に向けた利用状況の把握に, 人間行動調査は用いられている.調査の項目としては, 動線, 活動の種類と場所, 利用頻度などが使われている.一方, 人間行動調査の各項目にはどんな利点・欠点があり, それらの利点・欠点をどう補う方法があるのかについては十分な検討がされていない.
本研究では, 河川空間と人間行動との関係性を調査する上で従来の調査方法に対して, 河川空間における人間行動調査では用いられてこなかった「構造による行動の記述」及び「シークエンス」の有用性を検証することを目的とした.そこで, これらの手法を用いた分析を行い, 従来の調査方法で用いられる「結果による行動の記述」及び「前後のシークエンスから行動を切り離して記述」では, 人間行動の質的な問題を抽出できないことを明らかにした.

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Ten new heat flow values were determined by using geothermal well data and water well data in central Kyushu in addition to one new value in southern Kyushu. As a result, the existence of the high heat flow zone (higher than 2 HFU) became clear. Almost all the volcanoes, hot springs and other geothermal manifestations in central Kyushu exist in this high heat flow zone. Underground temperatures were calculated based on the equation of heat conduction in the steady state. Generally, temperatures amount to 330℃ at 10 km deep, 620℃ at 20 km and 940℃ at 30 km deep. Accordingly there may exist a zone of partial melting of rocks beneath the Moho discontinuity in central Kyushu. In the Kuju area, which is located in the eastern half of central Kyushu, there is a possibility that partial melting occurs at such a shallower depth as 10 to 15 km.

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市町村の行政単位に基く人口密度図にかえ,自然的な地域単位による人口密度図の作成を意図し,日本全土を地形によつて地域区分し,区分された地形区について人口密度を求めた.
1) 地形区分:地形の形態的・成因的分類により山地・火山地・丘陵・山麓・火山麓・台地・低地に地域区分し,面積を20万分1図上でプラニメーターを用いて計測した. 2) 地形区の人口計算:市町村別人口を地形区の人口に組替える.市町村の単位が2つ以上の地形区にまたがる場合はドツトマツプを基礎として人口配分を行う.ただし市街地の人口は地形区の人口計算から除外する. 3) 日本の地形別人口密度数値を第2表に示す通り得た.また同種の地形における地方的な特色を人口密度数値および頻度表グラフから把握した.これは第2表および第3図に示す. 4) 人口密度数値の地方的な差が大きい丘陵・台地・低地について密度数値をそれぞれ3分し,日本における低密度地域,標準密度地域,高密度地形の分布を第4図に示す通り得た.

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中部更新世前期のテフラが筑紫平野とその周辺の堆積物コアと露頭から発見された．鉱物の種類組成，屈折率，化学組成，フィッショントラック年代に基づき，このテフラは約0.6 Maに東九州から噴出した由布川火砕流堆積物（Yfg-pfd）に対比される．

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