現代社会における意思決定の方法として

平成30年3月に高校の新しい学習指導要領が告示され，統計教育の充実が図られた．高校の数学Ⅰでは「

条件文に関する推論が一般的に困難であることは，4枚カード問題に関する研究などで数多く報告されている。また，統計的

本稿の目的は，批判的思考に基づく

多くの科学分野においてP値に基づく統計的

現在一般的に用いられている統計的

平成30年告示の新学習指導要領において，高等学校数学Ⅰ「データの分析」の指導内容として，

Although null hypothesis significance testing has been strongly criticized for decades, it has been the dominant statistical method in the field of psychology. Non-reproducibility of findings in psychology can be attributed, at least partially, to an arbitrary threshold (i.e., .05) in the null hypothesis significance testing and overrepresentation of p-values. The present study surveyed papers from the Japanese Journal of Social Psychology and examined whether or not such overrepresentation also existed among psychology researchers in Japan. Effect size measures and p-values did not correspond well when p-values were set at around .05. Moreover, the frequency of p-values just below .05 was greater than expected. These results imply that the overrepresentation of p-values can produce unreliable and irreproducible results. Two types of remedies are discussed to alleviate the problems of overrepresentation of the p-values.