The present state and current problems of mathematics education in Japan, particularly, of the senior secondary level, are reviewed and identified on impressions gained by the author through his participation in ICME 5 (the fifth International Congress on Mathematical Education) as the Japanese representative at ICMI general assembly, as the leader of a session on high school mathematics curriculum and as the head of a project presentation from Japan. Among others it has been confirmed that, like in many other countries, cultivation of mathematical intelligence should be regarded as our ultimate goal of mathematics education in Japan in order to meet honestly the needs of the majority of the age cohort as well as the needs of university bound students. Our mathematics curriculum which was originally intended for the latter group has some merits of excellence and high efficiency, while organizing of a flexible curriculum which can be appropriate also for the former group, the majority, is urgent.
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