1．はじめに　昨今，地球環境保護の問題が取り沙汰されるようになってきた。自動車はその利便性からまさに人類になくてはならない存在になったが，ガソリン資源は限りがあるといわれている。脱ガソリン，脱公害物質の観点から，

が注目を浴びている。の中でも，電気自動車は内

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As a solution to the global environmental problem, which is partly affected by vehicles, we are proceeding with the development of low-emission vehicles using alternative energy. Furthermore, it will certainly become necessary to realize low co₂. To protect the global environment from pollution, there is much room for improvement with the current level of low-emission vehicles, including relatedeconomic efficiency. Under such circumstancrs, we could contribute to the preservation of the global environmnet through the introduction of CNG Vehicles. Epoch-makingly light fuel cylinder is indispensable for improvement of CNG commertial vehicles, espesially for 4 ton payload trucks and route buses.

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本研究は、東京都と札幌市において意識調査を行い、の購入意識を明らかにし、の導入促進方策を提言することを目的とする。分析手法は、集団意思評価技法として自家用車の購入について選択要因を定量的に評価するグループファジィAHP、そしての価格に対する費用負担意識を分析するためにロジット型価格感度測定法を適用した。グループファジィAHPより、環境に配慮する意識が高いほどの購入意識も高いことを定量的に示した。また、ロジット型価格感度測定法より、札幌市民はハイブリッド車の価格がガソリン車と同等であれば受け入れることが明らかになった。そして、環境に配慮する意識が低くても、価格によりハイブリッド自動車の購入可能性が高くなることを示した。

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Recently, issues of external diseconomies caused by automobiles have been a world-wide great concern. The diffusion policy of clean energy vehicle is expected to reduce the volume of automobile among some policy options. We try to evaluate the diffusion policy of clean energy vehicle with the dynamic computable general equilibrium model. In this model, the learning effects of manufacturing clean energy vehicle industry and the measurement of externality regulatory benefits by diffusing clean energy vehicles are considered. In case studies, we cleared that the diffusion policy is effective for decreasing externalities, and the twice social net benefit is generated by providing the subsidy.

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The 20 century was the generation that we call the automobile generation. Automobile contributed to the progress of human economic society. On the other hand, automobile brought us such bad influence as air-pollution (emission) , traffic accidents, traffic delays, etc. We hope the 21th century will be the new gentle automobile society for human society. The key word to solve it is the spread of low emission vehicles. I wrote some subjects and countermeasure concerning low emission vehicles through the case-study of natural gas vehicles. My conclusion (countermeasure) has two points. 1) Ecology contribution needs to be increased to enhance enterprise future value, ecology and stock-price are relative, so enterprise needs to pay ecology cost for future-returns. 2) Local government and NPO need to take action on working together and therefore enhance Public Relations for all parties.

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In recent years, the Low Emission Vehicle, especially the Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle (CNGV), is expected to solve an environmental problem such as an air pollution in urban areas or grobal warming. However, a delay of the improvement of fueling facility prevents it from diffusing in urban areas. The purpose of this study is to explain the issue of the exisiting method which annexes the CNGV filling station to a exisiting gas station and to propose alternative which uses a parking lot instead. Through the case study of Tokyo twenty-three wards, this paper concludes that the proposal is an effective solution.

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The Chinese government is examining to introduce some environmental and energy policies like as the fuel tax, mileage regulation or tax reduction to low-emission vehicles, to the situation that the load rests upon environmental energy by the rapid growth of automobile market in Chinese. In this paper, we evaluated the environmental or economic impacts generated by introducing such environmental and energy policies by applying the dynamic computable general (DCGE) equilibrium model.
From the results of numerical simulation, we obtained the some implications that the setting of high fuel tax level was necessary to regulate fuel consumption more effectively, mileage regulation was most effective policy to fuel reduction and the tax reduction like as Green tax or subsidy policy was necessity to change the type of car to low-emission vehicles.

JEL classification: H23, Q51, Q58

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The final objective of this research is to estimate the demand for clean-fuel vehicles. This paper first describes the travel characteristics of existing vehicles such as distribution of distance travelled in a day, longest stopping time by vehicle type and region using data from the Road Traffic Census Survey. These characteristics are then compared with the performance level of present clean-fuel vehicles. the major findings are: a) travel characteristics vary much among vehicle types, notably between commercial vehicles and others; b) large portion of smaller cars and mini-cars are operated within the current performance level of corresponding clean-fuel vehicles.

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The government is an important economic actor, i. e., the government is a large land holder, facility owner and big consumer of goods and services. Government action shold be a powerful agent of establishing the sustainable society. Implementation of the Action Plan for Greening Government Operations is expected to significantly reduce the environmental load from government operations and to enhance voluntary actions by local governments, enterprises and citizens.

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燃料電池をはじめとする代替燃料車の普及のためには, 燃料スタンドの整備が不可欠である.しかしながら, 燃料スタンドの整備水準 (位置ならびに整備数) に関して, 十分な検討はなされていないと考えられる.そこで本研究では, 自動車利用者の利便性の観点を想定して, 代替燃料スタンド配置の評価を目的とした.具体的には, 茨城県南において, 自家用車の1日の走行経路上で代替燃料スタンドの遭遇回数が, その整備地点, 整備数によってどの程度変化するか, 定量的に把握するものである.分析の結果, 現状の全ガソリンスタンド数の10%以下になると1回もスタンドに遭遇しない車両の割合が急速に低下していることがわかった。

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