To win the competitions, amid an intensifying competition with the progress of world globalization, there is a pressing need to promote a personnel training for young engineers. We have been trying to educate world-class engineers. We have been working on the engineering education from various angles as a leading company, through engineering practice, by process of recognizing the present status of engineers, planning the educational training program, practice, evaluation and improvement. The method of personnel training and the achievements are complied in this report.

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ホウオウゴケ属（Fissidens）の蘚類，キャラボクゴケ（F. taxifolius）とコホウオウゴケ（F. teysmannianus）は，多雪地域に広く分布する普通種である．植物体の大きさは約5ミリで，両種の特徴は，主に腹翼の細胞表面の突起の形状の違いによるので，顕微鏡下では区別できるが，野外で両種を区別して観察することはできない．そのため，両種の生態的な住み分けや分布の違いの要因を解明することは極めて難しい．本研究の目的は，多雪地域における両種の分布の実態を把握して，それぞれの環境要因を統計解析して，環境要因に対する適応の差異を解明することである． 　キャラボクゴケは，コホウオウゴケよりも，夏季の乾燥耐性が比較的強く，多湿に比較的弱いことが，分布のわずかな差異に反映していると考える．少雪地域では，両種の夏季の乾燥耐性の差異が，分布に大きく影響するかもしれない．

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私は2023 年度に採択された科研費基盤C（課題番号23K02809）「コケ植物を対象とした分野横断的科学研究プログラムの開発」と題する研究を行っている．これまでに，フィールドとしているコケ庭を調査したところ，研究テーマとなりそうな事象が見つかっている（図1）．スギゴケの群落の中で，普段ヨシズが覆っていて日陰の部分は緑色なのに対し，日向の部分は黄緑色をしていて，色の境界がはっきりしていた（図1）．そこで本研究の目的は，「なぜ日向と日陰 でスギゴケの色が違うのか？」という問いへの答えを求め，上記の科学教育プログラムの研究テーマとして適切かどうかを評価することである． 日向のスギゴケは日陰に比べて11～21 倍の照度の光が当たるため，日陰のスギゴケよりも強光下での光合成効率が高い．この高効率化のために，日向のスギゴケは構造や色素の組成が日陰のものとは異なり，色が違うものと考えられる．

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我々は，江戸城跡の石垣に自生するヒカリゴケの保全活動として，ヒカリゴケの無菌化株を作出し，屋内培養条件で安定的に維持している．一方，基礎科学的な興味およびアウトリーチ活動としての観点から，ヒカリゴケ原糸体においてレンズ状細胞が形成される過程を捉えてみたいと考えており，タイムラプス撮影などの観察を試みている．本発表では，上記の試みからこれまでに見出されているヒカリゴケのレンズ状細胞の形成過程について報告および議論したい．

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Poor visibility due to abrupt mist sometimes causes traffic accidents. These visualized conditions of mist generation due to spatial heterogeneous condensation have not been studied sufficiently. In this study, we tried some quantitative measurements of visualized conditions of mist experimentally. The experiment apparatus is composed two 500-mm acrylic cubic chamber connected with on-off duct each other. One is heated and humidified by humidifier about 20~30 degrees C and 96~99 %, another is cooled by fan-coil-unit about 4 degrees C. The mist is generated when the warmed humid air is fanned into the cooled chamber. The mist is photographed by the digital camera. Furthermore, the 4 different wavelength LED light sources and the illuminometer are used to measure the penetration change against mist. The 2 different frequency QCM sensors are used to measure the mass change while mist generated. As a result, it is confirmed that the penetrating efficiency decreased and the attached mass to the QCM sensors increased while mist generated.

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The influence of wall compliance on the turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate was investigated experimentally by measuring the frictional drag on the wall surface. Test compliant walls are made of silicon resin having Young's modulus of E=1.25〜1.47MPa, density of p_c=1.12×10^3〜1.22×10^3kg/m^3, and the thickness of t=7mm. The mean velocities over the flat plate are U_m=0.1〜0.7m/s (Re=3.6×10^4〜2.5×10^5). The experimental results of the drag measurement show that turbulent frictional drag is reduced by up to 7% for one of the compliant walls tested.

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本研究の目的は、低圧損の洗浄可能プレ・メイン兼用型フィルタについて、従来の中性能フィルタとの省エネ性能における優位性を確認することである。結果として、中性能フィルタを低圧損フィルタに変えることで大幅な風量増加を確認した。これに対しインバータによる回転数制御を行うことにより、空気搬送動力にして23〜28%の電力を削減できた。

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羽田空港のコンパクト型空調機にて行った洗浄可能プレ・メイン兼用型フィルタの性能確認（省エネ効果及び室内環境変化）

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To maintain the temperature of heated or cooled air inside a room, we need to put thermal insulation on the transparent glass windows where heat most frequently comes and goes. Fibrous materials and gas-foamed plastics provide some insulation due to the low thermal conductivity of air but are not transparent. Here we show that a transparent nano-spaced polymer film consisting of hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNPs) dispersed in a polyurethane (PU) matrix provides good thermal insulation. The largest advantage of the thermal insulation film using HSNPs is the combination of transparency, flexibility and low thermal conductivity, which is caused by a quasi-vacuum state in the nano-space. The state is formed when the size of the space is close to the length of the mean free path of the air molecules in the space. Heat tends to be transferred along the silica shells of HSNPs instead of through other materials in the film. Dispersed HSNP flocculation in the film is the key to both transparency and good thermal insulation.

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The flower visiting activities of Idea leuconoe, Ideopsis similis and Anosia genutia (Lepidoptera, Danaidae) to artificial flowers were observed in the butterfly house. The flower visiting activities of I. leuconoe showed two peaks in the morning and afternoon. Their activities were depressed by environmental factors. The preference to color was concentrated in red and pink. In I. similis, the flower visiting activities showed a unimodal peak from 11:00 to 11:30. The color preference was yellow but flower visiting activities were recognized in other colors. The flower visiting activities of A. genutia peaked from 11:30 to 12:00 but sometimes the butterflies visited flowers in the afternoon. The preference on color was yellow and red.

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Daily activity patterns of Idea leuconoe (Erichson) were investigated in the butterfly house. Flower visiting activities of butterflies tended to be concentrated from 10:00 to 15:00. The pattern of chasing activities and flying activities showed a single peak from 11:00 to 12:00. Oviposition activities tended to be concentrated in the afternoon. The peak of oviposition activities was later than that of chasing and flying activities.

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牧場採草地における省力かつ効果的なシカ侵入防止法を開発することを目的とし, 電気柵 (非通電) に対する飼育シカの行動反応を明らかにするとともに, シカの体表における電気 (嫌悪) 刺激の感受部位を検討し, 採草地での電気柵 (通電) の設置が野生シカの侵入に及ぼす影響を検討した.1) 高さ140cmの非通電電気柵 (地上高30, 60, 100および140cmの4段張り) に対し, 飼育シカは強い警戒を示した.電線に触れた個体は7頭中1頭のみであり, その個体は口唇で23回 (日中7時間) 電線に触れた後, 1～2段目 (30～60cm) を通り抜けた.口唇による探索行動は2段目 (60cm) で最も多く, 次いで1段目 (30cm) , 3段目 (100cm) の順であり, 4段目 (140cm) では観察されなかった.2) シカの体表における電気抵抗値は口唇で30, 000Ωであり, 被毛で覆われた他の部位 (前頭部, 背部, 腹部および右前肢) におけるそれらよりも極端に低く, 1/6, 000～1/3, 000であった.3) 採草地周囲に張った高さ140cmの通電電気柵 (瞬間電圧約4, 000ボルトのパルス電流, 地上高30, 60, 100および140cmの4段張り) は金網・ネット併用柵 (高さ175cm) に比べ高いシカ侵入防止効果を示した.以上より, 電気柵の設置直後に高圧電流を確実に流すことで高いシカ侵入防止効果が得られることが示された.

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Flower visiting activities of Papilio protenor were observed in the butterfly house at Biopark of Adachi, Tokyo on Oct. 24, Oct. 25, Dec. 24 in 1998 and Jan. 29 in 1999. Their activities showed two peaks when they were depressed by high air temperature and radiant heat, while on the other hand they showed a single peak when they were depressed by low air temperature and radiant heat. These results suggested that their activities were influenced by radiant heat and air temperature more than light intensity. On the other hand the peaks of the flower visiting activities of female butterflies were not clear. Female flower visiting activities seemed not to be so strongly affected by environmental factors as male activities.

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Relationship between flower visiting activity and environmental factors in the Danaidae butterflies was investigated in the butterfly house. The flower visiting activities of Idea leuconoe showed two peaks in the morning and afternoon on a fine day. But on a cloudy day, their activities showed a unimodal peak at noon. These results suggest that their activities were depressed by high temperature. In Anosia genutia, the flower visiting activities were not depressed by high temperature on a fine day. But, their activities were more depressed by low light intensity and low temperature than in I. leuconoe on a cloudy day.

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カバタテハ成虫の睡眠に関する行動を温室内で調べた.本種の日周活動は主に午前中であり,14:00-15:00になると集合して静止した.チョウは集合開始後徐々に個体数を増加させ,静止姿勢は「開翅→開閉→閉翅」と変化した.集合開始と気温や照度との間に明確な関係は認められなかった.しかし,集合の経過は照度の変化と関係が深く,生物園(冬期)では照度の低下速度が大きいほど速く集合し,睡眠完了は集合場所の照度が01xになったときであった.昆虫生態園(春期)でも睡眠完了は照度と関係し,チョウが日光浴のために集合した後,低照度の藪内へ移動した.睡眠完了の時刻は両時期ともほぼ17:00であった.本種の睡眠への入り方はオオゴマダラとは異なり,早い時刻に睡眠場所へ移動した後時間をかけて姿勢を変化させ睡眠した.これらの行動は体温調節に関係する可能性が考えられた.睡眠姿勢は翅を閉じ,触角は基部を合わせ先端をわずかに開く状態で前方へ倒した.

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