沖縄県は全国でも有数の長寿県であり,伝統文化と風土に培われた地域性を有している.本研究では,こうした沖縄の地域特性をふまえ,地域高齢者のメンタルヘルスとその関連要因について検討することを目的とした.沖縄県中部に位置する具志川市平良川地区の65歳以上の地域住民120名を対象に,自尊感情と関連する要因を検討した.その結果,self-esteem得点が有意に高値を示した者は,男女ともに健康状態が良好で,暮らしにゆとりがあり,生活満足度や健康度自己評価が高かった.また,地域の伝統行事や祭事の際に役割を有するものはself-esteem得点も有意に高値を示した.沖縄県中部に位置する中城村2地区の65歳以上の地域住民162名を対象に, self-efficacy(自己効力感)に着目した調査では,男女とも健康度自己評価,老研式活動能力指標の社会的役割が有意な関連を有した.男女別にみると,男性では伝統的祭事への参加状況で,女性では経済状況で有意な関連を認めた.また,同村における80歳以上の地域住民610名を対象にCenter for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)を用いた抑うつ傾向との関連をみると身体的自立直やself-esteem得点,主体的な日常生活や社会への関心度,社会参加の程度とCES-D得点では,有意な負の相関関係がみられた.以上の結果から,高齢者のメンタルヘルスには,心身の健康状況や社会的役割,社会的活動性といつだ多くの要因が関連していた.また沖縄の伝統的行事や祭事が高齢者のQOL(quality of life)に影響している可能性が示唆された.今後,伝統的社会風土を基盤とする地域性を考慮した高齢者の健康長寿対策の必要性が示唆された.

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沖縄県中南部に位置する富栄養化湖沼の千原池において，ピコ植物プランクトンの細胞数密度の季節的変動を周年観測し，物理化学的環境要因と生物的環境要因からピコ植物プランクトンの変動要因を明らかにした。千原池のピコ植物プランクトン群集内では藍藻類が優占し，細胞数密度が高い値で検出された（7.52×10³～1.03×10⁷cells・mL^-1）。物理化学的環境要因との関係から，細胞数密度は水温と弱い正の相関が見られた。とくに水温が25℃以上で高い密度が観察された。栄養塩類との関係から，本池のピコ植物プランクトンの細胞数密度の増殖に栄養塩類は制限要素となっていないことが分かった。さらに大雨後には赤土の流入により濁度が高い値を示していたが，細胞数密度との相関関係は認められなかった。本池では栄養塩類よりも水温がピコ植物プランクトンの細胞数の変動に強く影響を及ぼしていることが明らかになった。

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植物寄生性線虫類に対するアワユキセンダングサ（Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Scherff.）煮沸抽出液の抗線虫活性，抗線虫活性に及ぼす本植物の生育環境と生育段階および保存条件の影響について検討を行った。その結果，サツマイモネコブセンチュウ（Meloidogyne incognita（Kofoid and White）Chitwood），アレナリアネコブセンチュウ（M. arenaria （Neal） Chitwood），ジャワネコブセンチュウ（M. javanica （Treub） Chitwood），ミナミネグサレセンチュウ（Pratylenchus coffeae （Zimmermann） Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven）およびダイズシストセンチュウ（Heterodera glycines Ichinohe）に対して高い不動化作用が認められた。また採取季節，採取地域，生育段階および生育土壌の異なるアワユキセンダングサを用いてサツマイモネコブセンチュウに対する抗線虫活性を評価したところ，いずれも高い不動化作用が認められた。保存期間の影響については，植物体を乾燥させた状態では18ケ月間，抽出液では12ケ月間，高い抗線虫活性を維持できることが明らかとなった。

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In reaction to storm and flood damages which threaten inhabitants' life and their properties, local governments give out evacuation calls and directives, and most of the inhabitants start evacuation by these information. However, the awareness for evacuation of the inhabitants is very poor, and the rate of the evacuation is low at present even if self-motivated evacuation is needed. The evacuation behaviors of the inhabitants upon an outbreak of a disaster are strongly influenced by psychological factors, such as, “normalcy bias”. Therefore, to clarify the mentality and action process of the inhabitants for evacuation and draw up the formulation of evacuation action plan which considers well the psychological action of the inhabitants are required at the same time.Therefore, this study extracted psychological factors such as the attitude and responsibilitiness which concerning evacuation and assumed process of evacuation. This study classified these processes in four psychological levels, 1) information transfer, 2) awareness of importance, 3) awareness of needs, 4) intendment by combining some psychological factors.
For verifying the appropriateness of our hypothesis, we conducted a questionnaire survey about landslide. And also tried to attempt the classification of the disincentives which ruled out the process of evacuation behavior in accordance with assumed evacuation behavior process and surveyed its validity and effectiveness in flood damages, such as sediment disaster and flooding.
As a result of questionnaire survey, it is cleared that there is a tendency of the inhabitants' psychological levels for their evacuation behavior process as we assumed. And we classified disincentives of inhabitants' evacuation behavior process, and suggested the applicability and the validity of applying psychological levels for the evacuation action plans.

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Since islands of Okinawa was incorporated into Japan, many Okinawan people have been in a little difficult position. For example, the migrants from Okinawa in the cities of mainland Japan (Hondo) were often discriminated in the employment opportunities. And because islands of Okinawa was ruined in World War II, many Okinawan migrants were left in the mainland, and they had to live in the postwar severe situation. In this paper, I will examine the urban lives of Okinawan migrants in Hyogo prefecture (especially postwar Amagasaki, Takaradsuka, Itami and Kobe city) and their various forms of networks, groups and places to live in and to resist oppressed situation. The association of people from Okinawa prefecture (Okinawa-Kenjinkai-Hyogoken-Honbu) was one of the most cohesive group, it was made by `Okinawa' as a social category and as a symbol of concentration for some social and political purposes. In Amagasaki and Takaradsuka city, these cohesions like Kenjinkai had made it possible for some assemblymen who were native of Okinawa to win the local elections, for example. When the people who lived in the concentrated areas had some political purposes, these areas became the cohesive places to resist their opponents. But these cohesions were ad hoc. Because each migrants lived in different geographical and social context, their each individual living strategies and tactics were complicated, and each migrants had extended their own personal networks which included neighbors who were not native of Okinawa. So even in their concentrated areas, their individual social and political senses were not always in unison. Okinawan migrants had become urbanites in urban settings. It is said that discrimination in the employment opportunities was to some extent eased in the high-growth period, so their lives have changed for the better. And the main role of Kenjinkai have become enhancing mutual friendship.

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