The five stone-masonry arch bridges over the Kotsuki river in Kagoshima city were constructed around 150 years ago and were in use till recently. But two of them were washed out due to the record rainfall which fell in August 1993. Therefore it was decided to carry out river conservation works and move the three remaining bridges to a different place and preserve them there. This paper investigates the changing conditions of the five stone-masonry arch bridges in relation to the variations in social environment from a historical perspective. An attempt is made to understand the cultural significance of present civil engineering structures. The procedure for general agreem6nt regarding the preservation and conservation of historical structures is also discussed.

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In Kagoshima National College of Technology, based on investigation with “the job boost measure investigation work in a power supply area” undertaken in the 2005 fiscal year, we accepted the trust from Kyushu Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry, and undertook “the small-and-medium-sized-enterprises personnel educating work which utilized the technical college etc.” for three years from the 2006 fiscal year to the 2008 fiscal year. As the trial of engineer educating according to the electrical engineering concept to the manufacturing field based on a conventional result, we act as a professor of the base technique for applying alternative energy (a fuel cell and a solar cell) in which social needs are powerful these days, and aim at aiming at cultivation of the problem-solving type engineer who can contribute to a low carbon society through manufacturing, we undertook this work according to the manufacturing bearer educating work (personnel educating and secured work of the manufacturing field) in the 2009 fiscal year of National Federation of Small Business Associations.

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平成5年8月6日に鹿児島市を中心に発生した土砂災害について, 写真判読を中心に災害特性調査を実施し, 報告した。調査内容は, 降雨特性調査, 地形・地質特性調査, および写真判読による崩壊発生特性調査である。
今回の災害は長雨後の集中豪雨が原因であったが, 日雨量の確率規模は20年～30年である。崩壊の発生箇所は地形・地質によって, シラス台地面浅谷の谷壁の斜面崩壊, シラス台地周辺部の斜面崩壊および山地の斜面崩壊に区分される。最も人的被害が大きかったのは山地に区分される竜ケ水急傾斜地である。シラス台地の土砂災害がほとんど表層崩壊であるのに対し, 山地部の災害の特徴は斜面崩壊と土石流が混在していることである。写真判読によると, この地区における土石流に対し, 治山・砂防施設の効果が明らかに発揮されているところが多く確認される。しかし, 地形的な制約からハード対策では限界があり, 総合的なソフト対策の検討も必要であるものと考えられる。

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shira-taikobashi Bridge, which is the only one left now over Koutsuki River amongthe stone bridges built over the river by Sangoro Iwanaga from Higo and other civil engineers, was constructed one hundred fifty years ago over the canal made in the way of excavating rocks.This report shows the value of these engineering works for remains and ideas of the preservation.

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The traditional Japanese game in which players hit a wooden disk known as a hama with wooden sticks is considered to be derived from gittyô, which is believed to have originated from dakyu, which is believed to be derived from the stick game that was played in western Asia in ancient times. Therefore, traditional Japanese stick games and Western polo have the same origin.
In Kagoshima Prefecture, the game is called hamanage (literally, “disk-throw”), and it has been passed down in its traditional form through the Satsuma clan, having been performed by the children of samurai class in the old educational system (or gojû kyôiku) widely practiced since the Edo period. Today, the Kagoshima City Hamanage Preservation Society (Kagoshima-shi Hamanage Hozonkai), the Kajiki Town Association of Old Age Clubs (Kajiki-chô Rôjin-Kurabu Rengôkai), and the National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya (NIFS) set each of the playing rules, which have been compiled along traditional lines.
The present study investigated the actual conditions of the Satsuma game of hamanage, focusing on Kajiki Town (Aira County). The sources used included mainly pictures and interviews with members of the Kajiki Town Association of Old Age Clubs collected by investigations, and game rule books edited by each organization.
In Kajiki Town, the Association of Old Age Clubs set the original rules of hamanage using modern elements while considering the safety of the older people playing these games, and a hamanage meeting has been held as a part of the New Year events since 1980. It can be said that the hamanage played in Kajiki is an exciting and traditional culture activity passed down since ancient times, and illustrates the ideal role of traditional sports in local areas.

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本誌では，これまでにも中国，台湾，フィリピン，タイ，ラオス，カンボジアなどにおける酒類や発酵食品に関する記事や研究報告が掲載されている。海南島は，中国南部に浮ぶ島であり，大陸やフィリピンなどと深い関係がありながらも異なった伝統酒があることが予想される。1995年には「いも焼酎の源流を探る」調査団（社主催）が海南島におけるサツマイモ焼酎の製造を確認している。本稿では最近著者が行った調査結果を紹介していただいた。

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鹿児島の五大石橋を架設した肥後の石工;岩永三五郎は、従来石橋の架設者としてその名を知られている。しかし鹿児農の五大石橋問題を契機に、彼の治水技術者としての面も明らかになってきた (昨年の拙稿)。
本稿は、熊本県八代地域の七百町新地の干拓、鹿児島市甲突川の中流にある河頭太鼓橋 (これも岩永三五郎の設計) 近くで最近発見された二つの隧道および川内市にある八間川と江之口橋という三地域の事例に焦点をあてて、岩永三五郎の治水技術と治水思想を検討し、総合技術者としての面に光をあてている。

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On the 11th of September, 1885, the American bark Cashmere, bound on a voyage from Philadelphia to Hiogo (Kobe), Japan encountered a violent typhoon near the coast of Tanegashima Island. The twelve survivors of the bark Cashmere, however, managed to reach the shores of Tanegashima after many difficulties. There they received indescribably kind and humane treatment from the inhabitants of the is land, and then all of the twelve people came back to the U.S. safely.
The U.S. government appreciating very much the kindness of the islanders presented $5, 000 as a gratuity by act of Congress of March 1889 to the villages, Iseki and Anjo. The villagers purchased government bonds as the common property of the villages and the yearly interest was enough to support the schools of both villages.
In order for the justice of the U.S. Government to be long remembered, the villagers erected monuments in both Iseki and Anjo Elementary Schools. At Iseki, every year, they still celebrate September 20th as their memorial day, showing their gratitude to the United States of America and as a memorial to the crew members who died.

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This paper analyzes the local performing arts inheritance activities of schools in Amami Oshima island, and clarifies regional differences in the roles of schools. The relationship between the local community (shima) and the school is considered, and the transformation of performing arts caused by school participation is discussed. Traditionally, the shima has been the space for local arts inheritance. Since arts inheritance activities have started in schools, they have been added as a new space for arts inheritance. The styles of the arts inheritance activities differ according to the geographical environment where the school is located. Schools located in urban areas have a tenuous relationship with the shima, and construct self-contained activities based on the logic of the school. In communities where enough manpower for arts inheritance activities, schools merely have the role of providing a place for the activities, and support the activities from the sidelines. On the other hand, communities located in non-urban areas where aging and depopulation have advanced have strong ties with the schools, and smooth cooperation can be seen. On the Amami Oshima island, the typical inheritance activity comprises dividing roles and cooperation between the shima and the school. The authentic arts are inherited by the shima, and the creative performance is mainly carried out at school. The most distinct characteristic of the inheritance activities is that a mutually complementary relationship exists between the shima and the schools in non-urban areas. It is unavoidable that native folk songs are transformed into educational materials. The identity of the songs that were created by the shima is threatened to be lost, because they are reformed as educational materials. On the other hand, schools played a role of creating new performing arts based on the community arts. The new arts created in schools are presented at administration sponsored events. They are distributed to both inside and outside of the shima. Initiatives in schools have the potential to go beyond the mere inheritance of the performing arts, and to sublimate to a new “performing arts of Amami Oshima,” or the shima arts. Inheritance activities of schools involve seniority order logic. This seniority order is remarkable in the local community of shima of Amami Oshima. The school adopts the same logic of seniority order into the school activities, which guarantees the continuation of inheritance activities in schools. The inheritance activities in schools is formed by a fusion of two logics: the logic of the shima being seniority, and the logic of schools being education. Schools have two leaders, namely teachers and inhabitants. They are based on different logics, and engaged in different inheritance activities. Furthermore, in small schools in non-urban areas where the school district and the region of the shima overlap, the logic of the shima and the logic of the school are integrated, and the inheritance activities of the schools exist concurrently. In addition, the school is starting to play a new role as a place for creating the arts of Amami Oshima.

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　夏季に発生する副振動は，台風によって引き起こされる．そのため，港湾などでは高潮に副振動が重なることで水位が上昇し，冠水などの災害を引き起こす危険性が高くなる．また，この副振動は高潮が収まった後で最大の偏差となることもあるため，その特徴を知ることは重要である．本研究では，台風が頻繁に襲来する奄美大島の小湊漁港において数値計算を行い，2012年6月18～20日に台風通過時に発生した副振動の再現を試みた．その結果，定性的ではあるが6月19日以降に発生した副振動が数値計算でも現れた．この結果から，周期6分の振動モード特性や副振動発生原因である海洋長波の伝播特性を明らかにした．

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The area of World Heritage in the northwest of Yakushima is the only part of the island where natural vegetation still extends to the coast. The influence of the Seibu Road (19.3km) on this forest was investigated using three indicators. The first was physical discontinuity of the forest (P), which was determined from the lengths of artificial slopes above and below the road. The second was scenery disturbance (S), which was determined from the presence or absence of trees beside the road. The third was vegetational disturbance (V), which was determined from the number of invader plant species found alongside the road.
In section of the road where has been relatively little disturbance the tree tops meet to form a “Green Tunnel”. The occurrence of such “Green Tunnel” sections was recorded continuously along the road.
Discontinuity of the forest (P) was significant positively correlated with both scenery disturbance (S) and vegetational disturbance (V), such that section of the road which have been most developed have the least roadside trees and the greatest number of invader plant species. “Green Tunnel” existed along only one fourth of the whole length of the road and along only one third of the road within the World Heritage forest. Almost all of “Green Tunnel” sections were found in the Hanyama and Kawahara areas, where all three indicators also showed the low disturbance.
These results suggested that, in order to conserve the natural environment of the World Heritage forest, the construction of artificial slopes above and blow the road should be avoided as far as possible.

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肥後の石工・岩永三五郎が建造した甲突川の5大石橋 (1845-49年築) は、1993年8月6日の豪雨 (以下「8・6水害」) によって、武之橋と新上橋の2橋が流出。鹿児島県は、河川改修の支障になるとして、残った3橋 (玉江橋, 高麗橋, 西田橋) の「解体移設」を決め、5大石橋はついに甲突川から姿を消した。筆者は、甲突川の石橋群を治水システムとして評価することを提起したい。5大石橋を治水システムとしてとらえたならば、甲突川の治水戦略も違ったものになったであろうし、江戸期最大級の石橋群を現地に生きて保存する道が選択されたであろう

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The natural conditions of Kagoshima in the southern Kyushu are characterized by the properties from the great volcanic products “Shirasu” in topographic and geological aspects and from the typhoon hitting area with heavy rainfall in meteorological features. Consequently, slope-failures, floods and high tides frequently occur during storms or heavy rainfalls, and bring about a great many of subversive disasters which inflict serious damage on inhabitants and others. The main purpose in this paper is to present a basic concept on the prevention and the decrease of disasters from the standpoint of damage sufferer and to contribute to a countermeasure against disasters, analyzing the descriptions of disaster records from 1946 to 1980. The amount of precipitation and the history of land use are adopted as the parameters of natural factor and anthropogeny factor respectively, and damage index is defined in order to investigate the historical change and the correlation of disasters.
Type, frequency of occurrence and scale of damages caused by disasters show a change with the transition of these parameters. For instance, the loss of human lives caused by slope-failures have the tendency of increase since the 1960's in spite of the uniform condition in precipitation.
Also, some relationships between damage value and condition of precipitation ar ascertained. The relationships between the annual damage value, H, the annual amount of precipitation, R, and the number of day of precipitation over 100 mm/day from April to October, T, are given by
H=a exp (bR) and H=cT^dwhere, a, b, c and d are coefficients depended on the occurrence condition of damages.

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鹿児島県姶良郡栗野町の「栗野岳町有地内昆虫保護条例」については,すでに全国的に流されたマスコミの情報によって概要をご存知の方が多いと思う。筆者は先に小路嘉明氏の依頼で「蝶研フィールド」(Vol.10,No.8,1995)に,その内容や問題点を速報として紹介した。また,本誌別頁には高橋英樹氏(鹿児島市)による条例の検討も寄稿されている。そこで本稿ではなるべく重複を避け,現時点での私見を述べて編者の依頼に応えたい。

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