台湾史研究とはなにか，台湾史は誰がどのように書いてきたのか。この問いは日本による植民地統治と戦後の国民党政権による統治体制を経てきた台湾を対象とする歴史の研究にとって重要な意味を持つ。本稿は，この問題意識から，日本における台湾史研究の歴史と個性にアプローチすることを試みる。前半では，1895年から1945年までの帝国日本による台湾統治時期における，伊能嘉矩，岡松参太郎，矢内原忠雄及び台北帝国大学の研究者らによる研究のうち「里程標」というべき書物を取り上げ，歴史研究と植民政策論及び人類学の関係を検討する。ついで，帝国日本の「遺産」と戦後への「架け橋」という視点から，1945年前後の連続性と変化を検討する。後半では，1945年から現在までの時期を対象として，日本における台湾史研究の「再出発」の契機ともなった台湾人留学生の群像，それに知的刺激を受けた台湾近現代史研究会の活動，90年代の台湾の変化，日本台湾学会の設立から現在までの研究史を素描する。さいごに台湾史研究をめぐる史論と方法論についても触れ，台湾はどこに行くのかという問いへの始点とする。

　県立秋田図書館や県立山口図書館の館長として，日本の近代公共図書館発展の礎を築いた佐野友三郎は，図書館界に身を投じる前の１８９５年から１８９９年までの約５年間，草創期の台湾総督府に勤務していた。本稿では佐野が総督府の開設要員として台湾に渡り，幹部官僚として初期総督府行政を担っていたことを台湾総督府文書などからたどる。また総督府時代の経験が，その後の彼の人生に大きな影響を与えたとみられることを検証する。

The modern history of Formosa, as an integral part of World history, began at the period when Western nations made their appearance in the South Seas and when Chinese and Japanese were also active there. The shift in the appellation of this island is somewhat indicative of the vicissitude in international relations around it. Important are such namea as Takasago, Taiwan and Formosa. The name Takasago given by Japanese has gone out of use for long, because of the Japanese policy of self-seculusion in Tokugawa Era, whereas Taiwan by Chinese and Formosa by European remain still in general use. The so-called baccaneers in the Chinese documents had a more or less important role in the history of Formosa. In fact, they were mainly traders, among whom the CHENG 鄭 family of the 17th century was an outstanding figure. Among the Westerners of the South Seas, the Hollanders were the first to secure a footing on the island. It was in 1624 when they were persuaded by Chinese authority not to occupy the P'eng-hu 澎湖 islands lying between Formosa and the Continent, and to remove to Formosa that was not under the Chinese dominance. Thus the Hollanders built their fort at Taijouan (Anping) on the southwestern coast of this island, and, after having driven the Spaniards out of northern Formosa, they took possession of the whole island. Now they could concentrate themselves in the development of industry and trading. They tried to promote the production of rice and sugar and also the exploitation of gold, sulphur, and skin of deers in which the Western plain of the island abounds at that time. Before long, the island of Formosa became their treasury in the Far East. The Dutch dominance came to an end with the invasion of a troop headed by CHENG Cheng-kung 鄭成功 whose family in turn ruled there for three generations covering twenty-three years. Having been unable to cope with the growing power of the Manchu Dynasty, however, the Cheng government surrendered in 1683 to the Manchu forces under command of General SHIH lang 施琅. It is told that the Manchu authorities had an intention to give up the island and even to remove the immigrants to the Continent, though such a plan was not put into operation because of a strong opposition on the part of SHIH Lang. In view of maintaining public order, the Manchu government had truly put some restriction at first upon the Chinese immigrants who were occasionally rebellious. However, such a restriction was not strictly observed, and the Chinese were streaming more and more into the island ; particularly in and after the era of Chienlung 乾隆 (1736-95), they increased rapidly in number. Generally speaking, these immigrants cleared the land without any permission on the part of the authorities, and this caused grave frictions with aboriginal inhabitants mainly of the west plain of the island. Of these immigrants, the Fukienese came earlier than the Cantonese (Hakkas) and the former occupied main part of fertile plain, while the latter tended to distribute in foothill zone. They were at variance each other according to the affiliation respectively with the mutually antagonistic districts or clans of their homeland, thus leading not infrequently to civil war. In addition, Formosa inhabited by these immigrants was so notorious for insurrection that there was a popular saying : "a small revolt in three years and a big revolt in five years". On the other hand, the pressure of the Western powers upon the Manchu dynasty in its later days became grave more and more, and after the Opium War, the island was opened to Western nations for trade. Among the main exports there were tea and sulphur of the north and sugar of the south of the island, while opium and miscellaneous goods ranked among the main imports. It was true, however, that the growing contact with the Westerners tended to accelerate anti-foreign and anti-Christian trends among both general people

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