The aim of this report is to describe the pattern of fishing ground use of longline fishing at
Mukuna in
Oshima Island,
Ehime Prefecture. To study some aspects of longline fishing the author made a field survey in the ecological point of view. The the author's method has been wanting in the field research of geography of fisheries so far. The data of this report, therefore, was obtaind by a diarect observation method in addition to hearing and collecting documents in the field.
The results of the research can be summarized as follows.
1) Longline fishing is operated throughout one year. The fishing season is divided into two categories by seasonality of catch; in November to April
hogonawa catching mainly
hogo (
Sebastiscus marmoratus) is operated, while in May to October
tamorinawa catching
tamori (
Hapalogenys mucronatus) and
anago (
Astroconger myriaster) is operated.
2) Feeding habit of fish limits the time of the longline fishing operation. The
hogo is diurnal, while the
tamori and the
anago are nocturnal.
Hogonawa, therefore, is operated in the daytime, while
tamorinawa is carried out early in the morning and the nighttime.
3) The longline fishing must be operated in time-zone, called
toromi, in which tidal movement changes from ebbing to flowing and from flowing to ebbing.
4) There are 21 fishing grounds of longline fishing around
Mukuna. They are divided into four categories by
toromi.
a. fishing grounds usable at
toromi of ebb tide
b. fishing grounds usable at
toromi of flow tide
c. fishing grounds usable at both
toromi of ebb and flow tide
d. fishing ground not having relation to
toromi5) Each fisherman in general uses only 1 to 5 fishing grounds where he is very familiar with conditions of tide, sea bottom, and so on.
6) The activity of longline fishing is divided into three categories: (a) preparing for going out fishing at the port, (b) operating at the sea, and (c) landing catch and taking care of fishing gears at the port. The total time necessary for activity of (a), (b), and (c) is about 600 to 700 minutes. Therefore it is impossible for the fisherman to operate more than two times a day.
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