A F1 class tornado occurred Kokufu Town of Tokushima City on August 29, 2007. This tornado gave many damages to buildings and plants in the area whose dimension was about 4km long and about 100m wide. The field investigation was carried out 2 hours later from this incident, and the tornado path on the grand surface was estimated by its results. The motion and the scale of the funnel cloud and the wind speed near the center of this tornado were estimated by some photos and some video movies.

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本州多雪地帯の2977点における1935-1955の21年間の最深積雪および根雪終日の平均値のデータおよびランドサット写真を用いて精度の高い積雪分布図を作成することができた.そして, この分布図のいくつかの断面について最深積雪と地形等高線との関係を調べ, その地域的特徴を説明した.

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This study classified Japanese mountains based on mountain ordering using 1 : 500000 topographic maps, and examined the relationships of relief, relative relief and perimeter fractal dimension for the classified mountains. Mountain order was defined in terms of closed contour lines on the topographic map. A set of closed, concentric contour lines defines a first-order mountain. Higher-order mountains can be defined as a set of closed contour lines that contain lower-order mountains and that have only one closed contour line for each elevation. Relief, relative relief and fractal dimension were measured for ordered mountains using personal computer, and were defined as follows : relief E = H/A^1/2, where H and A are the height and area of each ordered mountain, respectively; relative relief R= ∑ h_i/H, where h_i is the height of the enclosed, lower-order mountains, and represents the degree of vertical roughness of the ordered mountain; fractal dimension was measured for perimeter contour line by the pixel dilation method, and represents the degree of horizontal roughness of the ordered mountain. Japanese mountains were classified into 74 third order mountains and 11 fourth order mountains. The area of a third order mountain varies from 50 to 4712 km², and that of a fourth order mountain is 2498 to 15563 km². A significant relationship was found among relief E, relative relief R, and fractal dimension D for the ordered mountains (r=0.91, n=85), and can be defined by the expression :
LogE=-aD-bLogR-c
This relationship shows that Japanese mountains have the following morphological characteristics : a high relief mountain has low vertical and horizontal roughness, and a low relief mountain has high vertical and horizontal roughness. These characteristics suggest that slope angle of Japanese mountains converges within a certain range.

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The “Sokuchi-Genzu” owned by the General Library of the University of Tokyo is the “Shita-zu”, which are namely the manuscripts of the first real surveyed maps by Inoh Tadataka(1745-1818). It is composed of 93 sheets which are 1 large scale(1:36000), 36 medium scale (1:216000) and 56 small scale(1:432000).

On the each Sokuchi-Genzu, the surveyed points are plotted by pin holes and the surveyed lines are drawn by tying them. Furthermore, the place names and the astronomical observed points are recorded. On the medium scale Sokuchi-Genzu, the survey results during several days are plotted and the distances of directions of south-north and east-west between the end points of each survey line were measured on the correspondent large scale map mapsheet and were scaled down one sixth. The drawn areas on some of medium scale Sokuchi-Genzu corespond to the contents of some of Shita-zu owned by Inoh Tadataka Memorial Museum, which are the manuscripts of the Large scale maps.

On the other hand, the map sheet line of directions of south-north and east-west are drawn on the small scale Sokuchi-Genzu. These lines coincide with the map frameworks of the Large scale maps. The length of each framework lines and the distances between the cross points of each survey line and framework lines were scaled down one twelfth by using the reduce measure from the large scale map sheets.

These distances recorded on both scale SokuchiGenzu are expressed by the Japnese measuring system, namely “Shaku-Sun-Bu-Rin”=“30.3cm-3.03cm-3.03mm-0.303mm”. The numerical values under Rin are described by the multiple figures of 1/12. These were read by using the reduce measure on the large scale．

Since Ohtani Ryokichi's voluminous “INOH Tadataka” (1917), it has been commonly accepted that the small scale map were reduced from the medium scale map by reduction in half. However, as the framework of small scale Sokuchi-Genzu corresponds to that of the large scale map, it is said that the small scale maps were prepared from the

large scale mapsby scaling down one twelfth.. The medium scale maps were prepared by reduction from also the large scale maps, so that the medium scale maps and the small scale maps were prepared separately.

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Today, many of the public and school libraries in the countryside face a lot of problems. First, it becomes difficult to run such libraries because of depopulation and treatment of "the weak in information," who have difficulty in visiting libraries or have disabilities. In addition, it is necessary to formulate a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) that prevents local cultural materials from being damaged by disasters and to make efficient use of them at any time. In this paper, we propose constructing a cloud-based electronic library called "Interactive Digital Library" (IDL) to solve these problems. This system enables libraries to reduce running costs, enrich their collections, improve accessibility to information, maintain local cultural materials, and offer these facilities to many people who want to use them.

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