山梨医大第1外科の1983年10月より1985年5月までの20カ月間に行なつた開腹手術症例は291例で, そのうち手術標本を組織学的に検索した282例中54例において日本住血吸虫の石灰化した虫卵を認めた. 虫卵検出率, 19.1%は国内, 特に内の報告と比べても高率であつた. 臓器別では, 虫卵は肝臓 (22.5%), 十二指腸 (22.7%), 結腸と直腸 (18.8%), 胃 (17.2%) などでは高頻度にみられ, 胆道系 (108例), 脾臓 (31例), 食道 (31例) などでは認められなかつた. この54例の慢性日住症においては, 肝硬変が5例(うち3例は肝細胞癌を併存), 肝線維症が22例に併存し, 疫学的に言われるような日住症と肝細胞癌との密接な関係が示唆された.
日本病理剖検輯報の集計 (1973～1982年の10年間) では, 内の病院において剖検された症例の20.5%が日住症であつた.

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1. The extermination of Oncomelania nosophora (Robson) by means of a soil-burning flame thrower is a very effective method provided that the use and operation are appropriate. The standard method for ordinary geographical terrain is 4-minute buring per 5m², promising termination of more than 80 per cent.
If deposits and stones are not found in the area to be cleaned, 2-minute combustion per 5m² can provide a sufficient effect. On the other hand, when the area contains many stones destruction by fire for 6 minutes or more per 5m² is necessary. In the case of the area containing flowing water or swamp, the effect of this method is not promising at all.
2. The destruction rate reaches its maximum on the third day after the soil burning.
3. From the economic point of view, the performance of this method is comparatively expensive, therfore, it should be used as an adjunctive of other principal method of Oncomelania extermination.

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Acute schistosomiasis japonica has become a rare disease in the past fifteen years in Kofu basin because of the marked decrease of Oncomelania nosophora, however, our attention is drawn to the chronic type of disease which has many clinical problems.
The purpose of this study is to clarify epidemiological status of schistosomiasis at present by means of rectal biopsy, the threshold value of the skin test and COP test.
In the period from 1967 to 1973, the 217 patients of Koma-Kyoritsu Hospital were examined by rectal biopsy, the skin test with Melcher's antigen and COP test under the suspicion of chronic schis-tosomiasis. For determining the threshold value of the skin test, twofold dilution series of the antigen solution were prepared, and microscopic examination was made on the raw specimen obtained by rectal biopsy to see whether the eggs were fresh or old.
The results were as follows :
1) The egg positivity of rectal biopsy specimen was significantly higher than that of stool specimen tested with MIFC method.
2) The COP positivity increased in parallel to the increase of the threshold value of the skin test indiluting grade. Among the patients of rectal biopsy, the COP positivity seemed to be higher in the case with 100 or more eggs. It was also significantly higher in the case being detected fresh eggs in the mucosal specimen.
3) The area irrigated by the River Kamanashi was divided into three districts, I, II and III, according to the collected numbers of the snails, which increased in number in order of I < II < III.
a. The incidence of cases with low dilution threshold value of the skin test decreased in order of I = II > III, while cases with high dilution threshold value increased in order of I< II< III.
b. The incidence of the egg-positive cases by rectal biopsy increased in order of I< II< III.
c. The incidence of the patients with eggs over 100 by rectal biopsy increased in order of I < II <III.
d. The incidence of the patients with only old eggs by rectal biopsy decreased in order of I > II > III, while that of the patients being detected fresh eggs increased in order of I< II < III. Thus, results of rectal biopsy and the threshold value of the skin test corresponded with the distribution of the snails both quantitatively and qualitatively.
As mentioned above, the rectal biopsy and the threshold value of the skin test are the important diagnostic parameters, and they are also important for epidemiological analysis of chronic schistosomiasis in such a situation of infection in Japan, where the eggs in feces used to be discovered with difficulty.

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