「がん」の早期発見を主眼に進んできた人間ドック,現在もその点に変わりは無いが,最近は成人病(生活習慣病)にも重点が置かれている。医療保険制度が財政的にも厳しいと言われる現在,ドックに対する利用者あるいは保険者の意識も変わってきているように思われる。利用者が求あるドック・納得できるドックは何かを再検討し,加えてドックの運営・経営を見直すためアンケート調査を実施したので報告する。

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イネ萎縮ウイルス(RDV)の圃場分離株について,媒介昆虫を用いたくり返し接種を行い,病原性の異なる変異株を分離した。これらの変異株の間には血清学的な違いは見られなかった。また,RDV-Wから分離した,非常に激しい萎縮症状を引き起こすRDV-W-Mと軽微な病徴を示すRDV-W-Lの構造タンパクのSDSポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動(PAGE)での移動度は同じだった。3分離株から分離したそれぞれの変異株のゲノムセグメントをPAGEで比較したところ,いくつかのセグメントで移動度が異なっており,特にセグメント6 (S6)の移動度は共通して異なっていた。また,感染葉に含まれるウイルス抗原量と萎縮症状の激しさには相関関係があった。これらのことから,S6がRDVの増殖効率や病徴の程度に何らかの関連をもつ可能性が示唆された。

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【背景・目的】 造血肝細胞移植を受けた患者が退院後に遭遇する困難と移植を受けたことで変化した生活を再構築できる要因を明らかにすることを目的とした. 【対象と方法】 G病院血液内科にて移植を受けた患者で順調に経過し, 重篤な移植片対症候群や免疫不全がない13名に半構成的面接を行った. 面接内容を逐語録に起こし, 質的帰納的方法を参考に, 患者の言動から造血幹細胞移植患者が退院後に遭遇する困難と移植後の生活を再構築できる要因に関する言動をコード化し類似性に従いサブカテゴリー, カテゴリーと抽象化を行った. 【結果】 退院後に遭遇する困難は『病気の不確実性』『変化した生活が辛く哀しい』『今までと違う体力』『身体的変化』『周囲への気兼ね』のカテゴリーが抽出された. 移植後の生活を再構築できる要因としては『前向きに生きる決意』『夫婦の価値観の変化』『自分のペースで生活』『経済生活の基盤の変化』『苦悩を支えられた体験』のカテゴリーが抽出された. 【結語】 移植看護において移植を受けた患者が退院後の生活を再構築するためには, 患者を支えるサポートが重要であることが示唆された.

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A part of authors have made some studies on wave exciting forces on large floating structures composed of multiple body elements for ocean space utilaization such as floating airport, taking hydrodynamic interaction into accout. In the previous paper, some characteristics of interaction effects from computed results were reported, including the followings:
1) Peaks of response function of wave exciting force of inner body elements are larger than of outer ones.
2) There is a kind of singular frequency where wave exciting force of body elements in head sea condition reach six times as high as that of a single body as a result of interaction effects.
Model experimental results are shown and two points above are confirmed in this paper. It is proved from both experimental and computed results that at the singular frequency there appears standing wave. It is also discussed that the singular frequencies appear only in head sea condition.

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A computational method for analyzing response of large floating structures which are supported on multiple columns was proposed by a part of the authors. In this method, hydrodynamic interaction is taken into account as well as flexibility of the structures.
We extend this method to similar structures with braces and/or lower hulls. The applicability is confirmed through tank test results, using a model whose upper structure is supported on 45 columns with braces at the bottoms, and also by previous experimental results of a simpler model. First, we show that present method can fairly predict the responses of large floating structures in waves. Second, we show that the characteristics of responses can be explained by those of wave exciting forces or pressures to some extent. Hydrodynamic interaction effects in designing large floating structures are also discussed. It is concluded that hydrodynamic interaction effects are negligible from the viewpoint of designing when the ratio of the length between columns to the diameter of the column is over 4.

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西日本の丘陵地を中心に広く分布する湧水湿地は、希少な動植物種のハビタットとして保全上重要な生態系である。しかし、行動範囲の広い哺乳類や鳥類の生活空間としての機能や、それらの行動が湧水湿地の生態系へ与える影響はほとんど知られていない。本研究では、東海地方の湧水湿地を対象に赤外線自動撮影カメラによるカメラトラップ調査を行い、上記の問題を議論するための基礎的データとして、湧水湿地に出現する哺乳類と鳥類の種組成、撮影頻度、行動を把握した。延べ 4,602日の撮影によって、 7箇所の湧水湿地とその隣接地から 13種以上の哺乳類と 19種の鳥類を確認した。哺乳類ではイノシシが最も多く出現した。湧水湿地に出現する哺乳類の種組成は、湿地周囲の森林とほとんど変わらなかったが、撮影頻度は、総じて湿性草原の成立する場所で低くなっていた。哺乳類と鳥類は湧水湿地内で採餌、泥浴びや水浴びを行っており、排泄行動も確認された。このことから、湧水湿地は広域を移動する哺乳類と鳥類にとって重要な生活空間であると考えられた。また、哺乳類と鳥類の行動は、植生の攪乱や種子散布を通じて、湧水湿地の生態系に少なからぬ影響を与えている可能性が示唆された。詳細な影響内容や程度の解明は今後の研究に委ねられるが、湧水湿地の生態系の保全・管理を行うに当たっては、哺乳類と鳥類の行動にも十分配慮する必要がある。

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This study focuses on the activities of the U.S. non-governmental organization, “Hibakusha Stories.” The organization is known for presenting testimonies of Abomb survivors to the public, especially to American high school students. This study aims to examine the impact of survivors’ testimonies on students’ perception of nuclear weapons. To this end, the researcher directly observed the organization’ s activities in 2014 and 2015. In addition, American high school students were also participated in a survey designed to gauge the impact of the organization’s activities. In total, results for 1,014 students were analyzed for this study. For instance, after Lee Jong-gun, a South Korean A-bomb survivor, spoke at Calhoun School in New York in 2015, students were asked the following question: “Have your views about atomic bombs and survivors changed?” In total, 49 students responded to this question, and 13 (26.53%) students reported that their outlook had “changed significantly.” On the other hand, 16 (32.65%) students reported that their outlook had only “changed slightly.” Similarly, when Shigeko Sasamori, an A-bomb survivor who lives in Los Angeles, spoke to 58 American students from the same school in 2014, nine students (15. 52%) reported had “changed a lot”, while 29 students (50.00%) answered that their views had only changed “a bit.”

When students who reported some form of psychological change were asked, “How would you characterize the changes?,” many answered, “I didn’t know the real impact of the atomic bomb.” Some students answered, “I just knew the dangers of the atomic bomb.” Moreover, in response to the question, “How do Americans perceive atomic bombs and atomic bomb victims?,” one student answered, “There is no place to discuss nuclear weapons in the U.S.,” thereby calling into question the issues behind history education in U.S. schools. Another student answered, “We Americans should be ashamed.” It was evident that the testimonies of A-bomb survivors had urged students to consider the “negative” aspects of nuclear power and atomic bombs. Most students tended to regard atomic bombing as an inhumane act, although many Americans continue to believe that the atomic bomb was a necessary evil to end the Second World War.

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With the progress of ocean development, new type of ocean structures are being commenced to be developed. However, it is not known yet how presently existing mooring systems can cope with these new type of ocean structures. Then, investigation and analysis of characters of existing mooring systems are carried out firstly. The range where characteristics of each existing mooring system can expand is investigated, and the future style of it is studied. The possibility that the ranges of existing mooring systems and their expanding ranges can cope with the mooring characteristic demands of new type of ocean structures is discussed.

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This article aims to examine as to how the public memory of “Hiroshima and Nagasaki” has been formed in the school education system and disseminated through history and sociology textbooks.

In the immediate postwar era, “Hiroshima and Nagasaki” was articulated as both the symbol of the unprecedented suffering endured by the Japanese people and their final defeat. This perspective, combined with many emotional stories of survival, appeared in numerous textbooks and museum exhibitions, resulting in the typical Japanese view that “Hiroshima and Nagasaki” was the nations’supreme sacrifice to end the war and thereby“making peace”. This view, in turn, brought us the conviction that as the only nation to have experienced a nuclear attack, Japanese people have the obligation and the right to pursue the world peace through the abolition of nuclear weapons.

This view, however, began to change in the 1980’s. The “history textbook issue” revealed their lack of awareness as the aggressor, resulting in fierce criticism from neighbor countries. In response to this criticism, the narrative in textbooks began to change and improved as outlined below.

Firstly, detailed descriptions of atrocities committed by the Japanese military increased remarkably, weakening the perception that “Hiroshima and Nagasaki” was a unique symbol of Japanese sacrifice. Secondly, vivid descriptions of the Great Tokyo Air Raids and the Battle of Okinawa also increased, further diminishing the tendency to particularize the damage of “Hiroshima and Nagasaki”. Thirdly, as textbooks began to present data quantifying war victims from around the world, the “mega-death” of A-bombs looked less remarkable. Lastly, the practice and theory of“Atomic Diplomacy” and “indiscriminate air raids” brought them the perspective that the A-bomb attack was not a disaster but the result of US wartime strategy.

While these changes in viewpoint came much too slowly and are still largely insufficient, the result is that “Hiroshima and Nagasaki” is now narrated more objectively and relatively in textbooks. These changes, however, while laudable, if taken too far, could cause a gradual decline in its presence and meaning.

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