Kohoku new town, constructed in suburbs of Yokohama-city in high economic growth period, built Green Matrix System (GMS), systematizing open space, public accommodation site and traffic. GMS, providing still good house environment today and being inherent with the characteristic of ex-natural environments, however, could not completely structure local natural environments as aimed at the beginning of the planning. In this study, we grasped relationship between GMS and the former natural environment, comparing the present facilities and land use in southern part of Kohoku NT with original landform. We clarified the water system and the characteristic of farmlands, which GMS could not involve with its structure. The result become basis for the future area reorganization that assumed NT a nucleus.

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Kozoji New Town is one of the earliest large-scale residential developments in Japan. The plan was based on a land readjustment project which took into consideration natural disasters such as Typhoon Vera, large-scale developments such as the Aichi Canal, and social situations such as the advance of motorization. The master plan for Kozoji New Town changed over time while continuing the search for an ideal form of replotting design and solutions for problems with the transport plans in consideration of the natural environment of the site, but eventually a unique plan was realized incorporating the valley’s large-scale main roads and pedestrian ways on the ridges branching out from the regional center which is concentrated in the one spot. In the process of changes in the master plan, the ‘natural environment’ of the site had considerable influence on the shedding of the neighborhood unit theory, the concentration and density of population and facilities in the centre and the pedestrian way connections. As Kozoji New Town made the local natural environment the fundamental structure of the new town, it became an opportunity for great changes in the attitudes towards planning spatial structures in subsequent new town planning, while continuing some development ideas from early New Town planning.

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The new town, built to respond for housing demand in high economic growth period, had been developed in hilly suburbs area. Development plans of such new towns seem to be related natural environments closely, especially to former, original landform. Kozoji New Town, located in northeast part of Nagoya metropolitan area, was one of such new towns in the hilly area. In this study, we focused on water supply and drainage system of Kozoji New Town, to examine the effect of original landform to the development plan and urban infrastructure of the NT. The drainage system and districts follow the former valleys and ridges, while the water supply system and districts distribute water in accordance with altitudes. We also identified modification of these systems, influenced by constructing highrise buildings on ridges. We concluded that characteristics of the infrastructure of Kozoji New Town are still related to former natural environment.

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Primary purpose of this study is to show how the natural environment structure was integrated into open spaces of collective housings in Senri new town. A case study was conducted in terms of arrangement of medium-rise buildings and pattern of the open space between the building lots.In the process of the earthworks by Osaka Prefecture, the original landform and vegetation were planned to be located between the building lots according to the land formation. Some segments of those structures are preserved in the open spaces enclosed by the collective housings constructed by the Osaka Pref. In the collective housings by Japan Housing Corporation, natural environment seems to have been altered throughout the development of building lots, but the structures were still underlying beneath the open space network. While promoting rehabilitations collective housings, the natural environment should be enhanced and revitalized on the site recognizing its origins and histories.

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米国ランドスケープのモダニズムを成したデザイナーと所産の空間に対する近代芸術の影響を解明すべく, 仮説を設定した。解明の端緒として, 既往議論を仮説各項にしたがって分析・考察し, 既往の成果として実証された事実, および未解明の事項を明確化した。また, 調査の過程や結果で生じた仮説からの逸脱をもって, 仮説修正の方向性を明らかにした。

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Through the development process of collective housing sites in Senri New Town, planted areas in residential lots havebeen established as a component of natural and artificial environment of the area. Facing a challenge of restoring old collectivehousings, we intended to clarify characteristics of existing arbores in collective housing sites developed by Japan HousingCorporation. Applying data of tree height, branch spread, and trunk circumference, the characteristics of tree figure and itschanges were investigated by comparison of arboreal vegetation of two selected sites. Not only layout of buildings and open spaces but also maintenance practice of vegetation critically affected figures and growth of the trees. Among the findings, it wasnoted that development process, land formation in particular, of housing lot also affected their growth. In terms of decisionmaking on whether to conserve or transplant existing trees in restoration procedure, significance of those trees on the site shouldbe reorganized through evaluation on trees themselves, context of landscape and development process by revealing archivalrecords. Updating the records is also important to inherit the values of open spaces in collective housing sites as naturalenvironmental structure.

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In this research, we examined the relationship between the plan intention and the sewage drainage plan, how we adjusted the terrain after claying to the residence building.The aim was to clarify the roles and features of the terrain during the process of construction.In the method of research, after organizing the process of creating, a distribution map of embankments and cuts in the site was prepared.In addition, we measured surveys of all outdoor stairs and grasp how the terrain was done. Then, we grasped the relationship between sewage route and topography.As a result, ①All the residence buildings are planned with soil.②All the residences are constructed by the method of manipulating the terrain, and the north side of the residence is the standard.③It is planned as a method to make the outdoor stairs lower than the line of sight.④The drainage plan is planned between the rock formations and the grounded terrain.While being influenced by rock formations of the base layer in the course of construction, rubbing of grounded terrain ensures viewing quality and drainage piping, grasps its features and roles as a method to create richness of external space with depth and depth We were able to.

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In the current view, housing complexes built by the Japan Housing Corporation after World War II (Kodan housing) have a diversity of exterior spaces and therefore are a potential environmental resource in urban areas. By quantitatively analyzing the exterior spaces of all Kodan housing complexes in Tokyo to determine how they have changed according to age, this study aims to consider the utilization of these exterior spaces as a future environmental resource. Analysis of the database, which was independently compiled, revealed that about 1,200 playgrounds and other open spaces exist in Kodan housing complexes in Tokyo. In the past, Kodan housing was developed on a grand scale. However, since the 1990s, Kodan housing has developed an increasing number of facilities per unit area by the effects of rebuilding, which confirms its increased potential for spatial diversity.

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In this research, we will clarify the characteristics that the terrain gradient has given to the housing plan, open space, placement plan of pedestrian street, roadway, parking lot, for residential complex planned for de-standard design. Based on the result, how to incorporate the natural environment "consciously" in the multi-family housing plan. It aims to find out that clue. The research method will organize the characteristics of development and development of wide area development. After that, I grasped the transition of the first plan to the final plan (nine total plan) which considered housing arrangement plans. ① Resident building placement, ② open space, ③ placement plan of the pedestrian street · roadway · parking lot, the structure of the residence building, characteristics of the living space and the influence the terrain has on the placement plan. As a result, it was found that studies are underway to overcome the standard design by using the terrain gradient after the clay.Also, the design standard ground height of the residence was not set by the placement plan. In other words, it was found that the layout of the residence was done first, and then the terrain after the clay was adjusted to the residence according to the arrangement, and the final ground was formed.

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A key task for urban planning in Japan is to incorporate agricultural land uses into the urban fabric and statutory planning. This paper analyzes the process whereby “agricultural zones” were incorporated into the planning of Kohoku New Town, a site designed in the 1960s and recognized as a path breaking attempt to include agricultural land in urban development. Our findings draw from key planning documents and from interviews with key actors in the planning of Kohoku New Town. The results indicate that the primary aim of “agricultural zones” was to augment open spaces and that agricultural and urban land uses were comprehensively incorporated into an open space system that included pathways to connect agricultural and residential areas. However, in the final plan released in 1974, the “agricultural zones” were designated solely for industrial agriculture, a shift which can be attributed to the introduction of the “senbiki” system of strictly separating urban and rural areas in the New City Planning Act of 1968. In addition, the pedestrian paths connecting “agricultural zones” and housing areas envisioned in the open space system of earlier planning stages as a means of integrating agriculture and residential development was also abandoned. Thus, the original plans to fuse agricultural and urban development were discarded during the planning process.

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This study represents a scenario in which recent development of landscape design based on the modernism and modernist’s works is depicted. Spatial pattern found in modernist’s works enhanced the designer’s understanding of landscape pattern underlies in land and environment in larger scale. In serach of the ground for pattern making landscape designers further investigated the system of environment and its structure for designing matters. A morphological approach of landscape ecology is giving a theoretical foundation for those endeavors. Also, the process through which the system of environment functions becomes another potential field of design expression in landscape and several works and projects already have indicated a direction of the development.

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1980年代のアメリカ合衆国では, より都市的かつ日常的な場において制作される環境芸術の作品が, 公共空間のデザインとして認知されはじめた。ここにおいて, 環境芸術作家とランドスケープデザイナーの共働関係が成立しはじめる。この共働関係には, いくつかの段階を想定することができるが, その展開の過程を4点の代表的作品事例を通じて検討した。その結果, 技術的な支援にとどまっていた共働関係が, 比較的短期間のうちに, 制作のコンセプトワークの段階にまでおよびつっあることが確認された。このことは, デザイン表現の分野におけるランドスケープデザイナーの職能観を拡張することに寄与したと考えられる。

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Primary purpose of this study is to identify the process through which the structure of natural environment is integrated into environmental planning for a large scaled suburban housing development. An intensive study of the planning process applied to the development of Kizu Chuo Area located in southern part of Kyoto Prefecture was conducted with particular attention to land use, land formation,street layout and surface drainage pattern. The entire process of the planning was divided into five phases, and the second (1995-97) and the fourth (2005-06) phase were recognized as critical ones that demonstrated distinctive changes in development scheme. The second phase showed extensive concerns on conservation of natural environment chiefly for the sake of protecting natural habitats and ecological network. Land formation, drainage pattern and allocation of open spaces are integrated into structure of natural environment. After development program was revised considerably due to changing socio-economic environment, the forth phase showed environmental concerns again. This time, more comprehensive approach toward structuring of natural environment was applied and the network of open space was extended and strengthened by axial structure originated from local topography. It was further discussed that land formation and hydrological system that carefully reorganized based on the original conditions will promote the structure of natural environment as an integral part of ecologically conscious landscape.

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Since fundamental structures of natural environment had not been altered deeply throughout the development process of Senri New Town, some segments of those structures are still underlying in open spaces including most urban parks of the area. Detailed research into the procedures of land formation in initial development process indicates that area and volume of earthworks were kept minimum based on the original topographical conditions, and as a result, hydraulic system of the area was preserved. These conditions affect planning of the parks, and the areas that contain the original landform and vegetation were located according to the land formation. Also, some athletic grounds in the parks were placed in the area where irrigation ponds were encroached nearby the original topography and vegetation. Based on those notions, the following points are acknowledged as proposals for restructuring open space system in the area for future. (1) Parks and open spaces should be restored in the way to preserve and enhance the regional hydraulic system, which has an indispensable value in the environment. (2) Land use pattern should be reorganized through the renewal process of collective housing sites including conversion of substantial area to open space. (3) Natural environment of the areas designated to athletic grounds by encroaching irrigation ponds should be revitalized through integrating water features of various kinds into functions of the existing parks.

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