本研究の目的は，学校教員の探究学習に対する意識と教員の指導観との関連性について検討し，探究学習に関する教員研修を充実化するための基礎的知見を得ることである．小学校教員209名，中学校教員210名，高等学校教員210名を調査対象とし，探究学習に対する意識（探究学習に対するイメージ，重要性認識，指導に対する自信の3項目），および教員の指導観を把握する調査を実施した．分析の結果，基本的な概念を重視し，児童・生徒の主体性と個別最適化に焦点を当て，得意分野での児童・生徒の能力を育てる教員は，探究学習に対する意識が高い傾向がある一方，学力による入学試験に注力する教員は，探究学習に対する意識が低い傾向が認められた．また高校教員は，小・中学校教員と比較して，探究学習の重要性認識が低い傾向が認められた．以上のことから，指導観や校種の違いによって，適切な探究学習の教員研修プログラムに違いがある可能性が示唆された．

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1. Changes of the School Goals
Recentry the contents of the school goals have been much changed. These changes depend on the changes of the school roles in the industrialized society. Secondly, the changes of the school roles come from the changes of social expectations for the educational training. Today school is only an adaptive institution which follows social change; therefore, school has been turned into the center of a cultural lag and social conflict.
2. Aspects of dysfunctions. It is true that school is an effective agency of socialization and an allocative agency of participants. However, social functions of school are mostly not carried into effect. They bring in unanticipated consequences which are called latent functions of variables by R.K.Merton. We use the following conceptual scheme for the analysis of the effects of socialization in the schools.
In Aspect A, successful socialization will be performed, but Aspect C is the unanticipated dysfunctional consequence which is incompatible with the school goals or moral expectations. On the other hand, Aspect B is the by-product which intensifies the social integration and the morale of the school. Aspect D has a deviant and antisocial culture in nature.
3. Socialization pattern in the School.
We are able to analize more clearly the socialization process in the school by the adoption of the concept prisonization; internalization of the general culture, norms and customs in the prison community.
In the school, socialization is effective in the beginning term to produce conformity of behavior. In the middle term, socialization functions are reduced and deviant behaviors of participants increase.In the last graduation term, resocialization functions of the school come into effect and conformity also increases in number.

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