京都盆地は，東西圧縮応力による逆断層並びに横ずれ断層によりつくられていることが知られている．そのような断層を授業の中でどのように受講者へ伝えるかを本研究では考察した．京都盆地にも発達する断層で，特に逆断層は断層面の上盤側がのし上がり表面で隆起する特徴を示す．このことを授業で取り扱う上で，「組立て式地層変形モデル実験装置」を用いて発生過程で現われる地下での様子や表層地形を観察させることに加えて，「標高陰影地形図」を用いて活断層の位置を特定させることで盆地形成と活断層の関係を学習する内容の授業行程を構想した．そこでは，活断層の動きで地表面に変位が生じることを理解した上で，京都盆地に隣接する

を対象として活断層の位置の特定を行った．このことを学習することで，京都-の形成を考察する授業展開とした．本研究では，高校生及び大学生に対してこの学習行程をもとにした授業実践を行い，活断層の正しい知識を獲得することができるかを考察した．

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地下水流動モデルにおけるシステムパラメーターは, シミュレーションの精度を大きく左右する。しかしながら地下水流動理論に比べ, システムパラメーターの決定に関する研究はあまり進んでいない。本報では最小二乗法と併用したガラーキン型有限要素法を用い地域的に分布した地下水位を入力データとして与えることによりシステムパラメーターが逆算できることを示した。本法を京都市のへ適用したところ, 非常によい結果を得た。

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Higasiyama tunnel is a subway tunnel of mountain type in the urban area over a total length of 1, 567.5m. And its structure is featured by paralles of single track at different elevations for a span of 495m on the starting side and by a double track for the rest 1, 072.5m portion. We report the results of Urban NATM that excavated the subway tunnels covered with slight thickness of earth right under Keishin-Line and a prefectual road. And also we made an exact survey at any time to keep the safety on the ground.

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The Kyoto Basin, which is situated in the central part of the Kinki district, is delineated by several active faults along its eastern and western rims. This paper describes the faulted terrace surfaces and the distribution of the Quaternary deposits in order to estimate the activity of the faults and the tectonic development around the Kyoto Basin. The basin formation model that explains the topographic features around the basin is also discussed. The findings are summarized as follows.
The active faults along the eastern rim of the Kyoto Basin are characterized by right lateral movements, and those along the western rim by left lateral movements. These faults show younger activity in the northern part of the basin, and older activity in the southern part.
The Osaka Group, Pliocene to Pleistocene in age, is distributed in and around the Kyoto Basin. Its accumulating area migrated northward during the Pleistocene. This migration is considered to be the result of a northword shift of the fault activity.
The mechanism of basin formation during the Quaternary is explained by a model in which the compression between the Shigaraki Plateau block, situated east of the Kyoto Basin, and the Hokusetsu Mountains block, situated west of the basin, caused northward movement of the Tamba Mountains block and subsidence of the Kyoto Basin.

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The ancient Otsu-Kyo was established by the Emperor Tenji on the southwest of Lake Biwa in 667 A.D.. The capital remained there for only five years until it was transfered to Asuka in the Nara basin. Regarding the scale or the accurate location of the Otsu-Kyo site, we have not obtained any accepted opinion in spite of much discussion by the historian Dr. Sadakichi Kita and many other scholars for over the past 50 years. Owing to the excavation of the site of the Sufuku-ji Temple, however, which is said to have been built by Tenji in the northwest of the capital, it has become unquestionable that the capital was situated somewhere around Shigasato, a little to the north of present Otsu City. Besides, in prewar days Dr. Jiro Yonekura, a historical geographer, considered this palace site to have adopted the Jori system of one cho (109m) square itself, but did not clarfy its scale. It is after the war, in particular, that old capitals of almost the same period, e.g., Fujiwara-Kyo (694-709 A.D.) in the Nara basin and Naniwa-Kyo (652-686 A.D.) in the Uemachi upland of Osaka, have been increasingly unearthened and that researches into the Jori or the Jobo allotment have been pursued accordingly under historico-geographical methods.
The present writer investigated in this paper the reason why in the region south of Lake Biwa, the Jori pattern of its western part where Otsu-Kyo had been built was found extending exactly north and south, in contrast with that of the eastern par following natural inclinationons by the lake. The author then proved that the land of the western part in question had been allotted as an extension of the Jori of Kinai districts, such as the western Kyoto and Yarnashina basins. Furthermore, it was found out that, as shown by the line AB in Fig. 1, the summit line about 500 meters high, leading to the south of Mt. Hiei, had been chosen as the north-south basic line, and that the line CD passing through Mt. Gyoja (440.6m) at a right angle to it, as the eastwest basic line. In Otagi-gun of Kyoto, namely, ancient Yamashiro province, there lay 15 jos from south to north, which has turned out to be also the case in Shiga-gun of ancient Omi province where Otsu-Kyo was placed.
In the second section, it was estimated that Otsu-Kyo was half as large as the early Naniwa-Kyo. To put it concretely, the capital formed a rectangle with the 10 cho (1090m) east-west side and the 15 cho (1635m) northsouth side, in the center of which there was a palace area of 5 cho (545m) square. In addition, the length of one bo was not equal to 360 shakus (109m) of the Jori system, but to 450 shakus (136m) of the urban Jori system. There were four bos recognized symmetric as in Fig. 3, as well as the main street running in the middle of the palace site.
Thus, the author regarded Otsu-Kyo as having been reorganized into the Jobo system, on the basis of the former Jori pattern. This study was made by means of the measurement of land pattern in Otsu-Kyo and the survey of the distribution of land names (Koaza) or of other micro land forms.
Although the duration of Otsu-kyo was no longer than 5 years, its city plan was carried out so completely that not only various official buildings but storehouses, schools and temples were also constructed. Moreover, the location of Otsu-kyo fell in with a starting point of the old Hokuriku Road. It occupied a very important place, inview of both land and water transportation, viz., with the roads leading to Kyoto, Asuka and Naniwa and with the outports, Karasaki and Hamaotsu on the lakeside, to utilize rivers such as the Uji and the Kizu.

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The Kyoto basin, the Yamato basin and the Ikoma hilly land may be included in a trough running north to south, which is called as the Yamashiro-Yamato Trough after the provincial names of this district. The trough is defined by the Ikomagawa fault on the west, and the Kasuga-Obaku on the east, but northward by the Paleozoics on the north of the Kyoto basin, while southward by the Ryoke metamorphic rocks developed along the Median line. The Ikoma hilly land is a depressed block, cut off from the Ikoma metamorphosed granite running north to south, by the Ikomagawa fault, and partly covered by the Osaka series. It may be considered to have been sliced by the north south faults into many blocks which are dropped stepwise toward the central line from the two sides.
The Kyoto basin is the terminal of the Yamashiro-Yamato Trough which is delimited by the Nishiyama fault on the west and the Obaku on the east. The Hanaore fault runs northeast-ward and passes the western foot of Higashiyama. It is evident that more than half of southern depression of the Kyoto basin has occurred between the Nishiyama fault and the Higashiyama, but the remaining has occurred between the branching faults of the former and the Hanaore. The Yamashina basin may be a depression that occurred between the Obaku fault and the branch-ing fault of Higashiyama, running north to south through the eastern foot of Higashiyama.
The Ikoma and the Katsuragi are the horst ranges lying between Osaka Bay and the Yamashiro-Yamato Trough. The former presents steep cliffs to Osaka Bay, whereas the latter offers similar cliffs toward the Yamato Plain, Steep cliffts may be an indication of depression of great magnitude in Osaka Bay as well as in the Plain.
The Yamashiro Yamato Trough was produced by the pulling force of the Fossa Magna Disturbance during the Plio-Pleistocene times. Though the making of the Trough is on a small scale it may be applied to such a large Trough as Osaka Bay, Biwa Lake and Ise Bay which were built at the same time and of the same origin. The Fossa Magna Disturbance was brought about by the enormous force of the Pacific applied to the Fossa Magna in the Plio-Pleistocene times.

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Based on the analysis results of the seismic diagnosis design of traditional houses in Kyoto, it has been considered that the surface soil amplification factor indicated in the guidelines may be overestimated. In this paper, we have analyzed the soil model used in the calculation of the amplification factor in the guidelines and that used in the earthquake damage estimation in Kyoto. As a result, the former soil model is not adequate for Kyoto city area. In addition, the lower limit of 1.23 is sufficient for the amplification factor used in the seismic diagnosis of traditional houses.

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