「日本人」/「外国人」の二分法に還元されない「混血」「ハーフ」と呼ばれる人々は, 政府・メディアの言説や学問領域においてしばしば不可視化されている. しかし, かれらの存在は日本社会における歴史的背景の中で立ち現われ, 時代ごとに多様なイメージや言説が付与されてきた.

本稿では, オミとウィナントが用いた人種編成論の視座を援用し, 時期区分と位相という枠組みから戦後日本社会における「混血」「ハーフ」の言説編成を整理し, 節合概念によってその社会的帰結を分析した. 第1期 (1945-60年代) において再構築された「混血児」言説は, 第2期 (70-80年代) に現れた「ハーフ」言説の人種化・ジェンダー化されたイメージによって組み替えられることとなる. 第3期 (90-2000年代前半) では「ダブル」言説を用いた社会運動が展開されるが, これらは当事者の経験を十分に捉える運動とはならなかった. 第4期 (2000年代後半-) には, これまでの「ハーフ」言説が多様化し, 現在の日本社会でナショナリズムや新自由主義, そして当事者によってその意味づけが再節合されつつある. 歴史的な言説編成の中で「混血」「ハーフ」と名指された人々への差別構造が通奏低音となって温存される一方, 当事者の運動によってこれらが可視化され始めている状況を明らかにした.

    In this study, we examine the expansion in the post-2000 period of shopping street activation within the Miyuki-dori shopping street (Ikuno Korea Town) in Ikuno Ward of Osaka City. We also examined the relationship between shopping street and multicultural coexistence entailed in town planning.
    A first key finding of the study was that commencing from the 2000s, shopping street association has played a major role in revitalizing Ikuno Korea Town. Many shopkeepers have roots in Korea establishing in Japan. Several shopping districts with shops owned by individuals belonging to diverse ethnic groups have sprouted up in Ikuno Korea Town and all over the city. Under these circumstances, a local network has been established that extends beyond the vicinity of the shopping street. This study found that immigration and generational changes had led to the establishment of shopping street in Ikuno Korea Town.
    A second key finding of the study was that the development of increasingly commercial attitudes among shoppers can be linked to town development that has entailed the promotion of multicultural coexistence. In other words, town planning specifically fosters commercial activities, which constitute the basis and rationale of activities like street shopping. This is because fostering multicultural coexistence in the town is necessary to reduce conflicts shop owners within shopping street association and avoid political tensions. These town planning measures have resulted in Ikuno Korea Town becoming a model example of multicultural coexistence. However, as the study demonstrates town planning has in fact been a necessity in Ikuno Korea Town.

    Research on the relations between multiracial Japanese (commonly known as hāfu) and their media representation has been growing with the increasing ethnic and racial diversity in Japan. While past studies have focused on the racial inequalities in mass media image and identity politics in the name of hāfu on social media platforms, it remains unclear how multiracial people themselves participate in social media expression and how these opportunities are distributed. This study addresses this gap by investigating the characteristics of multiracial individuals expressing their experiences and identities as hāfu on TikTok, a social media platform for creating and sharing short-form mobile videos. By utilizing exploratory content analysis on TikTok videos with the hashtag Hāfu-Aruaru, this study examined the creators’ gender, race, and nationality and compared these values to those of the Japanese population. The findings revealed that the creators were more likely to be women than men. In terms of race, European, African, and Hispanic individuals were over-represented, while Asians were significantly under-represented. Regarding nationality, Asian individuals-, particularly East Asians-, were less likely to participate than other groups. These findings suggest that the gender, racial, and national inequalities that have been observed in mass media representations of hāfu may be reproduced in social media; in addition social media may provide multiracial people with alternative opportunities to express their racial identities and experience.

Abstract. Kyousei, literally“ symbiosis,” or, more figuratively,“ living together in harmony,” is a term that has been used with positive connotations in many contexts in contemporary Japanese society. In particular, phrases such as“ living together in harmony with the disabled,” or“ a society that lives together,” often associate kyousei with welfare for the disabled. This type of use of the word kyousei is also intended to convey a connotation of mutual understanding. However, careful consideration will reveal that hidden in the background of this term is a great ambiguity. That is to say, while on the one hand kyousei possesses a dissimilative tendency to accept differences and diversity, it also has an assimilative tendency to suppress differences and diversity. The purpose of this paper is to clarify circumstances surrounding information accessibility for the hearing disabled in the field of art and entertainment by focusing on the issue of accessibility, which is one of the supporting concepts of kyousei. The subject of study of this paper is the captioning of Japanese comedy performances, which presuppose the sharing of a social code. My analysis reveals that this captioning has problems in terms of both technology and content.