Today, there exist two types of the Nihonsouzu (General maps of Japan) of the early Edo era which seem to have been compiled by the Edo Shogunate. For certain reasons, we refer to the kind stored at the Hasuike Library of the Saga Prefectural Library as Type A, and that at the National Diet Library as Type B. The latter has been well known from comparatively early times and explained over years as the general map of Japan being descended from the“Keicho Nihonzu”, which was originally drawn on the basis of the Keicho Kuniezu.
This author has previously insisted that the above mentioned, commonly accepted theory should be revised, and that this map ought to be called“Kanei Nihonzu”based on the fact that province figures of the Type B Nihonzu do not always coincide with those of several Keicho Kuniezu when compared. Furthermore, it has exceptionally detailed land name descriptions for the Shimabara Peninsula in Kyushu, and therefore it could have been produced after the Revolt of Shimabara. Though the author's view is generally accepted, there are some opposing views preventing it from reaching complete recognition. As to the other Type A Nihonzu, nothing decisive is known about its establishment, but the author assumes that Type A is older than Type B based on their figures and content. However some say that Type A is newer than Type B because it is superior in the forms of both the Tsugaru and Shimokita Peninsulas embracing Mutsu Bay located at the northern end of Japan.
Feeling responsible for having caused controversies over the Nihonsozu of the early Edo era, the author made a special presentation at the 1993 conference to clarify this problem, but failed to write any paper about it. However, later on, three other pieces of information related to the present problem were discovered; 1) another Type B Nihonzu, only one of which had been known to exist until then, was found to exist in the Ikedake Library at the Okayama University Annex Library and to have a list of Kokudaka (amounts of crop yield) in each province which were omitted in the map at the National Diet Library. Also the lord names shown with tags pasted on the castle locations were different from those on the map at the National Diet Library; 2) several maps of entire Kyushu which have exactly the same figures as the Kyushu part of Type A Nihonzu were found to exist; and 3) as the overall Kuniezu which had been offered by local patrolmen to the Shogunate in 1633 was confirmed to exist, it became necessary to compare it with the figures of both Type A and B Nihonzu. Under these circumstances, the author would like to clarify these considerations on the Nihonsozu of the early Edo era, while reporting the results of the studies carried out subsequently.
When the Kokudaka of various provinces on Type A and B are compared for each province, a difference between the two types is found in 15 out of 68 provinces nationwide. The overall tendency is that the Kokudaka indicated in Type B are larger than those in Type A. While the Kokudaka on Type A are exactly the same as those cited on the Keicho Kuniezu for both the existing Suo and Nagato provinces, there is a slight difference between the two for provinces like Hizen, Chikuzen, and Settsu. So far as this comparison goes, it comes to light that Type A is older than Type B.
While such places as Morioka in Mutsu and Shingu in Kii are illustrated as castle towns in both Type A and B Nihonzu, Marugame in Sanuki is not. The castles in Morioka and Shingu were built in 1633, whereas Marugame castle, which had been deserted, was reconstructed by Ieharu Yamazaki in 1641. Judging from this, it can be assumed that both Type A and B maps were drawn between 1633∼1641.

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In Japan, roofing tile was introduced from China at the end of the sixth century. But it was not until the nineteenth century that roofing tile was utilized by many people and mass production began.
Today, roofing tile manufacturing workshops and plants can be found throughout the entire country except in Hokkaidô and Aomori prefecture. The distribution of the production, however, is uneven: Aichi, Hyôgo and Saitama prefectures account for more than 60% of the total production of the country (Tab. 2, Fig. 6).
The purpose of this paper, then, is to examine the spatial distribution of agglomerated roofing tile producing centers and their market areas, and to try to point out factors contributing to the development of such centers. Results obtained may be summed up as follows:
(a) The distribution of the market areas of the roofing tile industry in Japan is shown in Fig. 6. Four major and two minor market areas are found. Of course, it must be understood that besides these market areas, many local markets of lesser significance are widely distributed throughout the country.
(b) Western-Mikawa (Aichi pref.) and Southern-Awaji (Hyôgo pref.) have been examined in detail as representatives of roofing tile centers initially developed on the basis of the abundance of local raw material. The Aichi center has grown in response to the active demand in Edo (Tokyo) since the end of the eighteenth century, similarly the Awaji agglomeration based on the heavy demands from Osaka since the end of the nineteenth century. Of course, the availability of water transportation was also important for the development of these production centers.
(c) Recently, however, the raw material, the clay, in the vicinity of these production centers has been depleted, and the raw material had to be brought in from fairly distant places. In an effort to counteract such a handicap, “rationalization” of the production and management-such as the improvement of the kiln-has been undertaken.
(d) As a result of these endeavours, the production cost has been reduced, and the volume of production have rather increased. The products from those centers have not only been able to maintain their longstanding reputation but also expanded their shares in the market. Moreover, the development of transportation networks, especially the growing use of lorry lines, has helped increse these tendencies.

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The purpose of this paper is twofold: one, to correct a misunderstanding about the Keicho Nihonzu, one of the Nihonsozu, or general maps of Japan, housed in the National Diet Library, and two, to compare and contrast compilation methods and contents of such Nihonsozu, which were compiled by the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Edo Era.
Until now, it has been thought that the Nihonsozu were produced at four times, during the Keicho, Shoho, Genroku and Kyoho periods of the Edo Era, although the production of the Keicho map has been mere conjecture. It has been assumed to have been produced on the basis of a Kuniezu, or provincial map, compiled as a result of a 1605 government order. There is no record, however, to support this production. It is known that the existing Keicho Nihonzu was probably produced in the Kanei Period (1624-1643), however as a result of lack of knowledge of the compilation of Nihonsozu during the Kanei Period, it has been assumed to be an amended version of the original Keicho Nihonzu. The present work supplies evidence that the Nihonzu known as the Keicho Nihonzu and housed in the National Diet Library, is in fact the Kanei Nihonzu, and was produced by Masashige Inoue, a government officer, in the 16th year of Kanei (1639).
Comparison of the four Edo Nihonzu (Kanei Shoho, Genroku and Kyoho) reveals the following: 1) Since Nihonsozu were always compiled on the basis of Kuniezu, their accuracy depended upon how well the Kuniezu were compiled. 2) This method of extending the Kuniezu reached its practical limits during the Genroku Period. Thereafter, for the Kyoho Period, a new method, depending upon a rudimentary survey, was initiated. 3) The later maps are not necessarily more detailed, though they reflect the political state of affairs at the time of their production. 4) Drawing of the northern boundary islands, Ezochi (Hokkaido, Kuriles and Sakhalin) does not progress in detail over the four periods. Howewer the southern boundary Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa Prefecture) become more detailed and more accurate in the Genroku Nihonzu.

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　本研究では，紀州藩の役人で，8代将軍徳川吉宗に召し出された井澤弥惣兵衛為永に着目した．紀州藩内に加えて，埼玉県に開削された見沼代用水の開削に関しても，一次史料に掲載されていない事績が井澤弥惣兵衛為永の事績であるかのような記述が散見されるようになってきた．そこで，井澤弥惣兵衛為永の出生や紀州藩内の社会基盤整備に関する既往研究および一次史料を整理することとした．その結果．紀州藩内の事績では，井澤弥惣兵衛為永が社会基盤整備に関与したことを明確に示す史料は存在しなかった．また，武蔵国の見沼代用水においても，一次史料などの根拠が示されることなく，様々な評価や論考が展開されていた．以上のことから，正確な史料を基に史実を明らかにしていく必要性を示した．

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