Gender Identity Disorder (GID) is the mental disorder described in DSM-N-TR. Earlier literature speculated that the cause of GID is genetic or biological, and thus physical treatments are selected (over psychological treatments) in clinical settings. However, physical treatments of GID have many problems, such as the ignorance of diversity within gender identity and the invasiveness of medical operation. Moreover, a large number of studies indicate that the psychological difficulties people with GID experience have a negative impact on the mental health of these individuals. These facts suggest that psychological support is needed for people with GID in order to understand cross-gender transition and experience the process of social re-adaptation in cross-gender transition by means of semi-structured interview to FTM individuals.

Results from Modified Grounded Theory Approach (M-GTA) show the following three phases: “Discomfort towards previous adaptive condition and anxiety of diverting from that situation”, “Exploration and conflict of social adaptation to new gender”, “Autonomous re-construction of social adaptation and struggle with the dichotomous (i.e. male to female) sex”. Among these three phases, difficulties regarding sex distinction pose different meanings. Furthermore, in the third process (i.e. autonomous re-construction of social adaptation), FTM accepts one’s characteristic as a person beyond his/her sex and hope for a society where GID can be as he/she is. These results suggest that psychological professionals have a potential role in not only assisting people with cross-gender transition, but in the advocacy and empowerment of these individuals. Future research should broaden the scope of the present findings to MTF and aim to benefit the QOL of all GID people.

Individuals with gender dysphoria experience incongruence between their experienced and assigned genders. Despite the dire needs, there is currently little research on professional services for reducing the psychosocial problems experienced by people with gender dysphoria. Therefore, the author explored the process of re-constructing psychosocial identity by examining 16 participants’ accounts of their male-to-female transitions (or transitions to an alternative, non-male gender; M to F/X) using the modified grounded theory approach.

Results indicated that (a) sex dualism causes serious self-loathing in people with gender dysphoria; (b) such people often experience pleasure when acknowledged by others; and (c) people with gender dysphoria can achieve a sense of psychosocial well-being by discovering a unique position for themselves within the community,

Thus, people with gender dysphoria can experience psychosocial well-being during the M to FIX transition if they find their unique positions within society and feel recognized by others. Psychologists should aim to further help people with gender dysphoria connect with those without it and integrate into the cultural and social frameworks; this can be done through psycho-education, raising awareness about sex/gender dualism, and enhancing the advocacy and empowerment of people with gender dysphoria, allowing them to live with support for their alternative identities.

ジェンダークリニックにおける

産婦人科医の中でも生殖医療を専門とする場合には，ホルモン療法や手術療法による妊孕性の低下への対応としての精子凍結や卵子凍結，また，第3者精子による人工授精などの生殖医療に関する説明を行うことも多い．さらには，学校の中で性教育をすることも多く，性の多様性についての講演や授業，家族形成も含めたライフプラン教育にも関与する．学校との連携に関しては，思春期の児童・生徒に対する二次性徴抑制療法の実施などの点でも産婦人科医の役割は重要である．

【問題と目的】1990年代後半より，

【方法】

【結果】困難として，自分の望む服装や持ち物を志向しても周囲に受け入れてもらえなかったこと，性に対する違和感を周囲に言えないこと，第二次性徴，学校や職場の制服や性役割の強要，就労できないことなどがあった。困難への対応状況あるいは方法としては，自分の性に対する違和感を言わないことにより周囲の批判を避けること，体の変化や制服の着用・外部からの性役割の強要を受け入れること，

【考察】

Male to female gender identity disorder (MTF/GID) is a rare condition. Such patients tend to complain that their speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) does not fit because it is too low. Type 4 thyroplasty (TP4) conversely increases the pitch of the SFF as the tension of the vocal fold is tightened causing the SFF to become high-pitched. While vocal pitch disorder is not life-threatening for patients with MTF/GID, it can cause substantial worry and stress. TP4 can therefore improve the quality of life of patients with MTF/GID.

There are increasingly diverse thoughts about sex and gender today. It is estimated that there are currently 46,000 patients suffering from gender identity disorder (GID) in Japan.

Herein, we report our experience of hospitalizing and performing an operation in a patient with GID for a postoperative maxillary cyst.

The 50-year-old patient, who appeared to be a female, presented to our hospital with a 1-month history of swelling in the right cheek. CT showed three cysts in the right maxillary sinus. The patient had undergone Caldwell-Luc operation of maxillary sinus on both sides about 30 years earlier. We diagnosed a right postoperative maxillary cyst and suggested operation. At that time, the patient confessed that she had been suffering from GID and was biologically, in fact, a man. She had undergone an orchidectomy 13 years earlier and even changed her name. We decided to treat her as a female patient in our hospital. There were no problems encountered whilst the patient was hospitalized and her postoperative course was uneventful.