1．はじめに

2016年3月19日 (土)～22日 (火)，

泉キャンパスで開催された日本物理学会第71回年次大会において，3月22日 (火)9:00～12:30，22aBG会場で，男女共同参画推進委員

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前回の

では、ニュウトンの万有引力の法則の分母の半径、rをゼロにしても、Fは無限大にならないことを説明した。すなわち、測地線が無限大になるのである。そこまでは、時間の制限で語れなかったので、今回説明する。

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In the faculties of “Engineering” or “Science and Technology” of many universities, faculty stuffs are teaching the academic foundations of technology to the students. From the standing point of the students in engineering course, first their study should be started to be accustomed to the new studying situations in their universities or colleges, and then the students proceed to be adjusted to study engineering specialty. The former is or should be realized through liberal arts education in university level and extracurricular activities in the universities. However, the latter needs special education schemes. In the past, educational courses in universities were clearly divided into a liberal arts period and a specialty education period in Japan. In that system, the students in engineering were accustomed to the specialty education after their promotion to their engineering curriculum. At present, the students in the faculties must be engrossed in the study of engineering from their first year of the university education, because the science and technology have been very rapidly progressed and have made increase in the level and quantity of engineering education. In this article, the author discusses how should the faculty give the scholastic ability to the students in engineering from the early years of the university courses, and introduces the case studies of introductory education (or the first-year education) in the engineering education that has been done in a faculty to that the author belongs.

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  Using the reduction refining and non-reduction refining flake graphite high grade cast iron having the thickness of 20mm diameter annealed at 550°C to relieve the strain, the evaluations for quality were carried out. Their evaluation methods are the reifegrad (RG), the relative bending load (RB), the relative hardness (RH), and the relative hardness related to bending load (RHb). The quantitative analysis of the tensile fracture surfaces by using their cast iron were performed by making use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. And the relationship between the evaluation values for quality and the percentage of each fracture surface were obtaind. Their fracture surface are the percentage of graphite fracture surface and the microdimple-wrinkle like pattern fracture surface. As a result, the most reliable equation for the evaluation, RB=100/(1222-662 Sc), was deduced. The reduction refining specimens had more the microdimple-wrinkle like pattern than the fracture surface of the non-reduction refining specimens by fractography and it was found that RG value increased with increasing the percentage of microdimple-wrinkle like pattern fracture surface, while RH value decreased against increasing the percentage of that fracture surface.

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  The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the mutual relationship of the mechanical properties and E (dynamic modulus of elasticity) in order to find a more reliable evaluation of the quality of reduction refining and non-reduction refining high grade cast iron of 20mm cast. W. Felix have recommended to study σ_t (tensile strength) against the product of H_B (Brinell hardness) and E.
  The authors have made an attempt to obtain a more refined values in the evaluation of their qualities, with regards to the important factors such as W (bending load), S_c (carbon saturation) and E.
  The results obtained were summarized as follows ;
  1) The difference in the qualities of the two materials was clarified by the following equation which related to W and E.
      W =291E/10⁴+224
  2) The relationship of W and E•H_B was expressed by the following equation.
      W =70.7E•H_B×10⁻⁶+413
Therefore, the characteristic value for the quality β is obtained as
      β=W⁄(70.7E•H_B×10⁻⁴+413)
  3) The difference in the qualities of the two materials was clarified by the following equation which related to S_c and the product of W and E.
      W•E×10⁻⁶=17.8−9. 73•S_c
The characteristic value γ is expressed as
      γ=W•E×10⁻⁶⁄(17.8−9.37S_C)
The cast iron having γ value larger than I were classified as good quality.
  4) As a result of the evaluation, it was shown that the quality of reducing cast iron is superior to that of non-reducing cast iron.

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図書館は3.11東日本大震災により大きな被害を受け，二ヶ月に及ぶ休館措置をとらざるをえなかった。図書館サービスを一日も早く再開するため，限られた人員を有効に配置し，復旧計画の作成とその実行に取り組むなどやるべき事が山積していた。しかし，復旧には半年という長期の時間と多大な人的，財政的な支えが必要となった。本稿ではこうした経験と，復旧に大きな力を発揮した学生，業者，そして，saveMLAKによるボランティアの活動とその教訓について報告する。

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A study of the spheres of living is promoted by means of the analysis of behaviour patterns of inhabitants like embodied in such phenomena as retail trade and commuting zones. Recently, the deterioration of environment is going on in rural areas as a result of the rapid decrease of population due to general urbanization and industrialization. It is a matter of urgent need to prevent the deterioration and to stop the decrease of population. For that purpose, it is necessary to furnish various public facilities in rural areas to improve the environment.
Viewed from the point above mentioned, the writer considered the relations between the spheres of living and the location of the public facilities in the southern part of Iwate prefecture.
He classified the centers of spheres of living into three different orders as in shown in Fig. 2. The three centers of the highest order namely, Ofunato, Rikuzentakada and Sakari belong to the first class. In these three centers, Ofunato has dominant functions of commerce and industry. Concerning the public facilities, the cities of this class are equipped with multi-branch hospitals. The cities of the second class, including Setamai, Hirota and Okkirai, have total pupulations of about 5, 000 in their spheres of living. The cities of this class are equipped with high schools, offices of agricultural and fishermen's cooperatives. The lowest centers of the cities of the third class have total pupulations of about 3, 000. There are three or four centers of this class in a town or a village. The centers of this third class are equipped with many public facilities such as primary, junior high schools, and clinics, and post offices.

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