大都市周辺部における農村的土地利用から都市的土地利用への急激な変化は,自然条件を無視した土地利用および相互に相容れない土地利用の並存という,2つの大きな問題点を含むことによって,さまざまな「環境問題」をもたらしている.このうち,後者は都市計画の基本原理にかかわるものであり,行政上もきわめて重要な問題である.多様度および相互作用度という,2つの測度によるの土地利用分析および土地利用転換のシミュレーションの結果では,多様な土地利用およびそれらの間の相反性による問題地域の存在ないしは発生が,きわめて明らかである.こうした土地利用の評価の結果は,とくに都市計画行政において,問題地域の識別,さらにはさまざまな効果の予測という2点で,きわめて有効なものと考えられる.

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縄文海進によって形成された古奥東京湾において, 13地点から得られた珪藻化石群集の層位分布の検討により,各地の前浜-海岸線-後浜の環境系列の変=遷を復原し,完新世における海岸線の形態,移動,周囲の環境などの特徴を明らかにした.
海進期 (10,000-6,500年前)には,地形勾配が急であったため,谷の形状に規制された細長く,入り組んだ海岸線がみられた.海進最盛期 (6,500-5,300年前)の海岸線は,現在の海岸線から50km以上奥部の館林～古河付近に達した.海退期(5,300年前～現在)には,湾の浅海化が進んでいたため,前後に広い後浜干潟・前浜干潟を伴う単調な形態を呈する海岸線がみられた.

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Sôka City is situated on the alluvial plain of the northern suburbs of Tokyo and will known for its large paddy farming areas. In the 1960s, remarkable urbanization, that is development of residential quarter or utilization of farm-land as kinder-garten or school, has been accelerated there and about 30 per cent of farmland was modified to the non-agricultural uses during these ten years. A great number of farmers disposed of their land or altered them as houses to lnt or apartment houses. Thus utilization of farmland has been turned in quite urban way.
In this paper non-agricultural land use by farmers is studied.
1) It was about ten years ago that keeping of house to lnt or apartment house among farmers had started, and now approximately one third of farmhouseholds are proprietors of such sort of houses. Keeping of house to lnt or apartment house among farmers was fostered by influx of the surplus population from Tokyo as well as by the drifting tendency of farmers' managment to the side job, which drove them to make up their income deficiency caused by curtailment of the paddy field area. Farmers of extremely small scale, cultivating limited field such as 1.0-1.5ha., are going to mainly rely on earning from the house to lnt or apartment house, instead of planning intensive cultivation of farmland in order to increase their agricural income.
2) Pollution of irrigation at surrounding paddy fields has been bringing about as a nuissance through each farmers' uncontrolled development of the residential quarter. Modification of farm-land from agricultural use to urban use is supposed to be resulting in dissolution of the system of owner farmers who had acquired their own farms at the Farmland Reform after the World War II. Nowadays, they are marked as rather land owner than agricultural producers. Needless to say that there are still kept intensive market gardening in the suburbs of city, but very rare. Generally speaking, farmers are in defarming tendency.
However different in their scale it may be, such a phenomenon is going on not only on the outskirt of a big city but also in every local cities in Japan. So it may be concluded that these owner farmers, initiated and developed at the Formland Reform, are now under disorganization all over Japan.
In this report the suburbs of Tokyo is treated as an example.

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本稿では，気象庁と国土交通省河川局から公開されている雨量観測データを用いて，我が国の地上雨量観測所におけるデータの蓄積期間特性と大都市圏における地上雨量観測所の空間解析を行った．本研究で得られた主な知見を以下に示す． （1）地形標高と観測所標高の解析の結果，地形標高の度数分布に応じて観測所が配置されており，標高約2500m以上の地域では両観測機関とも地上雨量観測所がほとんど設置されていない． （2）時間，日及び年降水量における観測データの蓄積年数を調査した結果，観測所の約7割が30年分以下であった． （3）人口や資産が集中する大都市圏にて空間解析を行った結果，水平スケール10km程度の気象現象に対しては，十分対応できる観測体制である．

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In April 1997, the inner part of Isahaya Bay was shut off from Atiake Sea, western Kyushu, Japan with a dike for reclamation. After this isolation, in the both inner and outer parts of Isahaya Bay, aspects of water quality suddenly changed, and fauna of bivalves was drastically replaced. In the outer part of Isahaya Bay, 25 species of bivalves were collected from the 20 fixed stations in June 1997. However, the number of species and the mean individual density suddenly decreased starting November 1998, and then increased after November 2000. These phenomena are synchronized with the temporal change of the dissolved oxygen in this area. In the inner part of Isahaya Bay, 11 species of marine bivalves were collected in large numbers before the dike was completed. These species were still alive in May 1997, but most of them had died by August 1997, when salinity decreased to <5psu. However, an introduced species, Potamocorbula sp. That was not found prior to the isolation of this bay, replaced the pre-isolation bivalve community since August 1997. This species also increased in number in Saemangeum, western Korea, after the dike construction, and in San Francisco Bay, USA as an exotic species. Therefore, it can survive and multiply alone through large environmental changes such as isolation and artificial introduced. Fossils of this species were also found from several horizons in Holocene deposits in southwestern Japan. These fossils occur only in a monospecific shell bed, and some marine bivalves occur below this shell bed. Therefore, the aggregation of Potamocorbula shells is essential to the reconstruction of environmental changes, such as isolation.

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コンパクトシティ政策の推進に向けて、その主体となる行政職員の認知・意向の実態を捉えることは重要である。行政職員の認知・意向の実態は、政策に関する制度改定の節目において変化してきたことが報告されている。そのため、本研究では3時点における全国の行政職員の認知・意向の実態を捉えるアンケート調査を実施した。その結果、1)行政職員の認知は、実現可能性を除き近年にかけて向上していること、2)政策実現への意向は、近年にかけて担当者の異動などが課題となってきていること、3)行政職員の中には、政策の重要性や必要性を認知せず、当事者意識も持たない職員が15%程度存在することを明らかにした。

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Air-conditioning systems with groundwater heat pumps using the Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) are known to be highly effective for reducing carbon dioxide emission and saving energy.

In order to build the ATES systems, pumping and recharge wells must be drilled, but national and regional governments have strict regulations for pumping groundwater especially in the urban areas for preventing the land subsidence due to the excessive pumping of groundwater during the high economic growth period in the Japanese society.

In this research, the social systems such as legal regulations to use groundwater were focused to investigate the applicability of ATES systems in populated areas of Japan. 

As a result of investigation, more than half of all households are limited by social systems when ATES is introduced. The restricted areas are mainly concentrated around the three major urban areas of Japan. In order to promote the introduction of ATES, the suitability of these social systems should be first investigated.

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The metropolitan area has been regarded as a functional structure in sphere of daily activity level. This paper attempts to analyze the functional structure of the Tokyo metropolitan area by both commuting and consuming movements that are important behaviors of daily life.
This study uses the person-trip survey because its data is one of the most suitable for daily activity analysis. First, the concentrated commuting or consuming movement zone is selected as “central nucleus” by the value of trip, and those by commuting is named “commuting nucleus” and those by consuming is named “consuming nucleus”. Second, those selected zones are grouped into seven categories by urban functions. Finally, commutation and consumer areas drawn by commuting and consuming nucleus are classified into four groups by those
locations.
The main findings are summarized as follows:
1) The commuting nucleus tends to aggregate in the CBD and central place of suburban. In particular, the aggregation at central place is remarkable. On the other hand, those of consuming nucleus tend to disperse in the study area, and the aggregation like commuting nucleus is not appeared.
2) When considering the rate of urban function at each central nucleus, those in the CBD tend to have much business functions and those in the suburb tend to have much residential functions. In addition, the rate of sum of business and residential functions occupies over half, and the relationship between them is symmetry.
3) The large-scale commutation area whose nucleus locates in central place appears in terms of the commutation areas. In addition, the commutation areas whose sphere is relatively large appear in the suburban area. Thus, commutation structure is over concentrated and multipolar. About the consumer area, meanwhile, those scales are similar, and each area tends to be independent. Therefore, the consumer structure is independent and dispersed.

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National capital region has acted as a Japanese leading role through the current of various times from the war damage rehabilitation to the present. National Capital Region Development Program was projected five times as a readjustment in the National capital region. These projects were aiming to prevent the over-concentration of urban functions in Tokyo. But it is said that over-concentration of urban function in Tokyo has not been solved yet.
So the purpose in this research is to clarify whether the distributive policy is truly proper or not for National Capital Region Development Program.
First, we build up a hypothesis that the amount of production in National capital region varies according to the formation of Independence Urban Area. Secondly, defining Independence Urban Area, we aim to confirm the relationship among several areas by analyzing the amount of monetary transference and production. If Independent Urban Area was to set up and the number of employee dispersed from the central business district, we might draw a conclusion of changing the whole amount of production in National capital region.
By this analysis we can verify our hypothesis.
JEL classification : R11, R14, R38,

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