2015年6-7月近畿大学医学部堺病院整形外科外来通院患者の中で承諾の得られた396名に笑いのアンケート調査を行った．笑いを10項目で調査し，各項目に対し，性別，年齢別，疾患別（関節リウマチ：RA，慢性疼痛），地域性（淡路島の別調査RA患者22例）に差異がないかを比較検討した．396例中最も多かった結果は，①対象患者は関節疾患，②笑っていた時期は20－50歳，③笑い方は口を開け小声，④最近大声で笑ったのは数日以内，⑤おかしい時に笑う，⑥会話で笑う，⑦笑いが似合うのは明石家さんま，⑧社会と家族に笑いが必要，⑨主治医にくすぐられたら微笑む，⑩このアンケート調査で微笑む，が各項目の中で最大数であった．各項目を個々に分析すると年齢や性別よりもRAでは社会と家族に笑いが必要と答える患者が多いのに対し，慢性疼痛治療患者では笑いが少なく，医療では看護師や受付に笑いが必要との結果多かった．医師のみならず医療スタッフは患者も取り込んで，笑いを取り入れた治療をすることが全ての疾患に重要であろう．

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 Introduction:
 Each region has its own way of achieving comfortable environment. Japanese traditional houses have been designed to be open and passive for the summer. Seaside villas are characterized as dwellings in nature with magnificent views and fresh wind. In such villas, you can see various combinations of window constitution: a window facing the sea with the role of taking both views and wind, and windows with different roles like a seaward window for taking views and a landward window for taking wind.
 Focusing on the constitution and placement of such windows would clarify the balance of different patency by views and cross ventilation. This study aims to clarify how to utilize seaward views and cross ventilation in contemporary Japanese seaside villas, focusing on morphological characteristic of the windows.

 Methods:
 First, views were examined. Views being classified by the placement of glazing in a room facing the sea, the area of the glazing facing the sea as well as the rate of patency was examined. Then, for furnished rooms, the number and kinds of the furniture, the distance to the seaside front of the villa, and views seen from the place where the occupants gather, were examined. Based on these results, the characteristics of view patterns by the placement of glazing were discussed.
 Second, cross ventilation was examined. The positional relation among the windows taking wind and the relation between the windows and sea breeze were examined. To catch cross ventilation path regarding the place, the rate of the area with cross ventilation as well as the inclusion relation of the place where the residents gather, was discussed. Furthermore, the characteristics of cross ventilation were discussed.
 Third, based on all these results, we discussed the patency by the combination of view patterns and cross ventilation patterns and sorted the patency patterns by the index of the directivity to the sea.

 Results:
 1) For rooms facing the sea, view patterns were classified into three. Through the investigation of the patency of glazing of the seaward side, we have demonstrated the characteristics of view patterns: Fixed windows and windows that are capable of opening and closing on the seaward side were main streams. Catching the relationship between places in which people gather in a villa and other architectural elements, we discussed the characteristics of view patterns.
 2) By the combination of places taking wind, cross ventilation was examined morphologically. Cross ventilation was classified into four by its path. We have demonstrated that the path following the sea breeze was often found. Furthermore, through the investigation area occupying the room as well as the inclusion characteristics of peoples gathering places, the characteristics of cross ventilation patterns were discussed.
 3) Forming a matrix that sets view patterns in a vertical line and cross ventilation in a horizontal line, we obtained twelve patterns of patency. Arranging the patency patterns from the directivity, we clarified the followings: the basic pattern is cross ventilation following sea breeze: when views are limited to the seaward side, windows on the seaward side are for taking both views and wind: when windows play the role of more expansive views, the views of windows on the seaward side tend to have priority over wind.

 Conclusions:
 The present study has demonstrated twelve patency patterns of the utilization of seaward views and cross ventilation in contemporary Japanese seaside villas. Furthermore, we clarified the characteristics of the window compositions by arranging the patterns from the directivity to the sea.

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開局60年を迎えた教育テレビの番組をグループ分けして網羅的に見ていく「シリーズ 教育テレビ60年」。2回目は「趣味・実用番組」、「婦人・育児番組」、「教育教養講座」の変遷をみていく。教育テレビは、時間帯ごとに視聴対象を明確にするとともに、組織的・系統的な学習に役立ててもらうために、同一時間帯には同種の番組を編成してきた。「シリーズ 教育テレビ60年①」でとりあげた、「高校講座」や「語学番組」、『NHK放送文化研究所 年報2019第63集』でとりあげた「学校放送番組」とともに、「趣味・実用番組」や「教育教養講座」も平日の同時間帯に編成されてきた。 それぞれの番組グループの変遷をみると、「趣味・実用番組」は初期の『技能講座』や「おけいこ番組」に、総合テレビで放送されていた『きょうの料理』や『趣味の園芸』などが加わり、幅広い視聴者の興味や関心に対応してきた。「婦人・育児番組」は初期の『NHK婦人学級』が70年代に終了後、90年代からは育児をテーマとした番組として続いている。「教育教養講座」は、初期の『日曜大学』から80年代の生涯学習ニーズの高まりに対応した『NHK市民大学』を経て、知る楽しみを伝える番組に変化してきている。 それぞれの番組の内容の変遷とともに、放送時間帯の変化もみながら、NHK教育テレビが生涯学習社会に果たしてきた役割を考える。

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