This paper reviews the development of soaring food prices in 2006-2008 world food price crisis. In particular, it focuses upon high wheat prices from a short-term perspective with the attention upon how it has occurred since the late 2006 and also upon its background from a long-term perspective through looking at the effects of agriculture and trade policies of the past in China and India on the current level of world wheat stocks. And it suggests that international policy dialogue be strengthen on agricultural and trade policies of each country in terms of international food security in order to keep the appropriate level of world food stocks. At the same time, it proposes that the international release system of emergency food stocks and its international cost sharing system be established in the near future. Furthermore, it observes the changes in wheat export structures of EU and United States after the market integration of EU and the conclusion of NAFTA in the early 1990s. Since the market integration, their wheat export structures have become focused on EU members and Latin America, especially Mexico, which raise concern about the uneven distribution of agricultural trade goods and its relationship with high food prices in world food crisis. At the end of this paper, it illustrates the fragile nature of food security in Egypt as an example of a food importing country during the poor harvest in agricultural exporting countries and compares it with the situation in Japan.

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The friction between the United States and China is becoming a pressure to promote the transformation of supply chains in Asia in the form of economic security. Economic security is generally regarded as a phenomenon at the national and macro level, and Japanese companies are at a loss as to what steps should be taken to measure the impact at the management and corporate level. Therefore, this paper first focuses on high technology, a sensitive field where technological hegemony is occurring in the US-China friction. The fact that the United States is wary of China shows that it is related to Made in China 2025, based on trends in the US Congress. Next, in non-sensitive fields, it is not that there is no friction, but that “business and human rights” is weighing on. In order to grasp the signs in the relevant field, it is essential to grasp the signs from the reports of the US State Department and the United Nations. If changes in the supply chain are unavoidable, friend shoring advocated by the United States is effective, and IPEF is expected to function as a filter. It is necessary to recognize that we have entered an era in which the success or failure of a business depends on the skillfulness of its management.

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本稿では, 自由貿易協定での原産地規則が経済厚生にもたらす効果と最適な原産地規則の水準を分析する。域内国産の中間財が域内国の最終財生産企業による買い手独占である状況では, 原産地規則の水準の限界的な引き上げが, 域内国の最終財生産企業の買い手独占力を引き下げ, 域内国の経済厚生を高めることを示す。このケースでは域外国の経済厚生は低下せず, 世界全体の経済厚生を低めない自由貿易地域の結成が可能であることも示す。

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本研究では，外資企業の営業所，工場，研究所の事業所別の参入が，日本の上場製造企業の生産性に与える影響を分析する。特に，外資企業の事業所別（営業所，工場，研究所）の都道府県別立地データを用いて，同一産業内における地理的近接性を考慮した事業所別のスピルオーバー効果を検証する。

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