The size of higher education enrolments in China will reach 46.55 million by 2022, with an enrolment rate of 59.6% for the same age group. As the scale of higher education continues to expand, it is becoming increasingly important to talk about the development issues of Chinese elite education from the perspective of a relationship that combines traditional elite education and emerging mass education.
The purpose of this paper is to present the educational significance and implementation issues based on the background factors of science and technology education and to consider the development direction of science and technology education, by clarifying the background, implementation process and implementation status of this 'Strengthening Basic Disciplines Plan' as a case study.
The measures represented by the 'Strengthening Basic Disciplines Plan' are an innovative institutional design that also goes into the admissions system, as there is an even greater need for continuity from high school to university. Although based on the massive and rapid development of China's own education system, such changes in China, being uniform reforms promoted by a strong state initiative, have produced bias and fixation in the university entrance examination system itself and in the admission assessment, in order to adapt it to the reality of the 'pyramid' style and diverse higher education system.
However, the strengthening of basic education based on the needs of human resource development and the on-the-ground university governance, replenishment functions and response strategies in some universities show that they are designed to take advantage of the strengths of Chinese education, both old and new. The excellent training methods, such as the boarding system, small class sizes, mentor-teacher system, project participation, undergraduate and postgraduate cooperation and integrated training models, the fluidity mechanism of moving in and out, individual growth records and support systems, etc., are drastic, and because it is in China, the reforms towards new education are the potential for rapid promotion and great expansion.
As pointed out in future issues, human resource development methods based on learning in high school, such as development models in collaboration with high schools, will require that the existing fixed method of assessing learning outcomes and abilities of unified entrance examinations be replaced with a consistent learning process that links high school and university. In this context, it is also foreseeable that 'fairness' is moving from 'fairness of horizontal opportunities' determined by a single entrance examination to 'fairness of individualized educational needs'.
China's plan to strengthen basic disciplines for the development of excellent talents in basic sciences provides various insights into curriculum design in secondary and tertiary education in Japan and the rest of the world.
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