ナイトライフ・アクティビティに関わる施設が混在する

では，昨今のコロナ禍でこれらの施設の回遊による感染が多く確認された．こうした施設間の高い回遊性は感染拡大リスクに影響すると考えられるものの，を対象とした業種立地特性の評価や施設配置に基づく回遊性評価は行われていない．そこで本研究では複数の有名なを対象とし，施設配置の可視化や業種別近接性評価を行い現状の業種立地特性を把握した．また独自の回遊モデルを用いた回遊容易性評価手法を開発し，回遊容易性の比較および休業等のシナリオによる影響を分析した．以上により，感染症拡大の防止に資するの施設配置に関して考察した．

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The structure of amusement quarters (A.Q.) in the Japanese cities becomes more complicated in accordance with the increase of city population.
It is also closely related to the function of the cities, or their economic basis.
The structure of amusement quarters depends on their location in relation to central shopping streets (C.S.S.) and the distribution of land value by depth rules between A.Q. and C.S.S.
When the location of amusement quarters is on hook-shape relation with C.S.S. or right in the back of C.S.S. and their land value by depth rules is most close to that of C.S.S., their structure is most strongly connected with C.S.S.
Generally speaking, such instances are to be found in commerical cities, whose population is from 300, 000 to 400, 000, such as Gifu, Okayama and Shizuoka.

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In this study I make clear the spatial condition of amusement quarter in Japanese modern city, paying attention to it's autonomic aspect. In the previous paper I attempted to analyze the urban space of Kobe Shinkaichi in terms of the city structure of Kobe. As the result I pointed out some opportunity of it's formation. In this paper I discuss the actual condition of Shinkaichi as the amusement quarter itself. So there are some difference between two areas in Shinkaichi from the point of view of the spatial construction and the function of building. However they disappear, uniting two areas along the center street gradually.

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１．はじめに

地理学における基本的概念の1つに空間的機能分化がある．これを商業地研究に応用した事例として松澤(1986)は，東京の副都心レベルの商業地で空間的機能分化の実態を示した．こうした空間的機能分化は商圏の広い大規模商業地で起こるとされており，中小規模の商業地では研究がされてこなかった．また，1980年代以降の商業地研究では，若者の集まる新たな盛り場としての「若者の街」研究が行われてきたものの，商店主や来街者への聞き取り，メディア分析等を中心として行われており，個々の店舗の具体的な動向から，どのような過程で若者の街が形成されたのかについては明らかにされていない。

そこで本研究では，高円寺駅前周辺商店街を対象とし，商業地の発達と内部構造の変化，それに伴って生じた空間的機能分化のプロセスを若者の街化に着目し，1940年から2015年にかけての小売店の業種構成や店舗分布等から空間的・実証的に明らかにすることを目的とした．

２．研究方法

高円寺駅周辺商店街の一般消費者向けの全店舗・全業種を調査対象とし，業種別店舗数の推移や業種別店舗分布図から高円寺における空間的機能分化の過程を分析した．また，特に店舗数の増減が著しい業種や，古着店・雑貨店等の若者向け店舗については，個々に店舗数の推移や分布傾向をみることで，そうした分布に至るプロセスを分析した．調査年度は，1940年，1949年，1978年，1992年，2002年，2015年の6つの年代とした．

３．結果

業種構成の推移では，1980年代を境に従来の商店街の中心であった飲食料品小売店が減少し，その一方で飲食サービス業や理容・美容業，生活関連サービス業が増加した．1990年代からは古着店や雑貨店といった若者向け小売店が急増した．　　

店舗分布では，1940年と1949年には飲食店街と最寄型商店街の２パターンへの分化がみられたが，1978年には映画館やロック喫茶・ライブハウス等の的機能を持つ地区と最寄型商店街の２パターンへの分化，2015年には最寄型商店街，飲食店街，古着店・雑貨店・カフェ，エスニック料理店等の若者向け飲食店，美容室の集積する地区の５パターンへと空間的機能分化をした．

こうした空間的機能分化の背景として，戦前の1940年には最寄型商店街と映画館を核としたが存在したものの，戦後の1949年には駅前の小規模なとその周辺の最寄型商店街という構造となった．しかし，1960年代以降，映画館の開業や若者の増加等の影響でが成長し，そこには若者向け業種が集積していった．1978年には最寄型商店街，，ロック喫茶等の若者向け業種の集積という3つの特徴がみられ，このうち若者向け業種はとほぼ同様の立地を示した．

　1980年代以降は映画館の閉館によりの核が無くなり，的機能が減少した。1990年代以降は従来の飲食料品小売店等の最寄型商店街の機能がスーパーマーケットによって担われ，飲食料品小売店が減少した。しかし，そうした店舗を衣料品小売店や飲食店が置き換えていくことで商店街の入れ替わりが生じた．一方，1990年代以降は古着店や雑貨店，アジア料理店やカフェ，美容院等が増え始め，そうした新たな若者向け業種は的な性格の強かった高円寺駅南西の地域に集積をしはじめ，2000年代以降は，商店街の中でも店舗数が減少しつつある駅から離れた地区で集積したことが明らかとなった。

高円寺では，戦後から1970年代にかけては音楽の街，1990年代以降は古着の街という個性を獲得し，発達・変化を続けたが，そうした街の変化には，商店街の化や最寄型商店街の入れ替わり，“若者の街化”といったことが大きく関わっており，それが高円寺の空間的機能分化を促していった。

参考文献

下村恭広 2011. 東京・高円寺における古着小売店の集積．日本都市社会学会年報 29：77-91.

松澤光雄 1986.『繁華街を歩く 東京編』綜合ユニコム.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine people's views on "panpans" (prostitutes), pimps, and the American soldiers who frequented the amusement street neighboring the Nara Rest and Recuperation Center, which was established on May 1, 1952, for American soldiers returning from the Korean War. The paper also presents the negative effects of the panpans, pimps, and soldiers on the local residents and Nara, an ancient city and a tourist destination, and clarifies how the local residents, Nara city, Nara Prefecture, and the Japanese government handled these effects. The amusement street appeared as soon as the Nara Rest and Recuperation Center was set up in the former town of Yokoryou-chou in Nara city. Two main local newspapers reported that some groups of pimps and their panpans tempted American soldiers in the amusement street, and then the local residents thought pimps and panpans were immoral. It can be said that the amusement street was a place where panpans sold themselves to American soldiers. The local residents became anxious about the amusement street, because in addition to causing educational problems for their children, it spoiled the image of Nara as an age-old and a tourist city. The local residents blamed the Nara Rest and Recuperation Center for the presence of the amusement street and demanded the relocation/abolition of the center. It is interesting to note that the Nara UNESCO cooperation meeting assumed a leading role in the demand for the relocation/abolition of the Nara Rest and Recuperation Center, citing the effect of the amusement street, with its panpans and pimps, on the children's education as the main reason. The cooperation meeting was originally a civic organization that strived to preserve and protect the culture and natural heritage of Nara, and so it emphasized the necessity of protecting the old culture of Nara. It demanded that the center not be relocated but abolished. It can be said that some of the activities in the demand for the relocation/abolition of the Nara Rest and Recuperation Center were done in the different context, protecting the old culture, from the practices at Yokohama and Kokura. From a viewpoint of gender, it should be pointed out that the problem which panpans could not but sell themselves to American soldiers was not discussed in the activities that demanded for the relocation/abolition of the Nara Rest and Recuperation Center. The local residents of the amusement street as well as its managers, panpans, and pimps were deceived when the Japanese government and U.S. Forces authorities suddenly changed their manner of dealing with the center. Soon after the official announcement that the Rest and Recuperation Center was moved from Yokoryou-chou in Nara to the city of Kobe, it was decided that the U.S. Armed Forces Marine Corps be stationed in Nara city for a while. The marines in Nara actually went to private houses and hospitals at midnight and asked for women. This suggests that so long as an army exists, the problems of gender over violence and sex, which military affairs contained, cannot be solved.

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  This study elucidates functional changes in commercial areas based on the evolution of the internal structure of the shopping district around Koenji Station, Suginami Ward, Tokyo. It also analyzes location changes in the varieties of shops in 1949, 1978, 1992, 2002, and 2015. Data are drawn from field work, housing maps, phone books，and store association lists. After World War II, Tokyo experienced a population increase accompanied by rapid economic growth. Koenji attracted many such people and, as a result of the growth of shopping and entertainment districts, an overcrowded urban area developed. Many young people, including university students, lived in the area due to its easy access to Tokyo city center and many inexpensive apartments. Since the 1960s, live music clubs and cafes where customers could listen to rock music congregated in Koenji. These stores were located around the entertainment district. Later, as young musicians came to live in the area, Koenji became famous as a city for young music lovers. By the 1980s, Koenji was characterized by a shopping district selling daily necessities and an entertainment district centered on movie theaters but with an abundance of stores catering to the musical tastes of young people. Since the 1990s, however, the entertainment district has experienced a decline due to the closure of movie theaters and the growing diversity in types of entertainment. Similarly, the number of stores in the shopping district has diminished due to the opening of supermarkets and convenience stores. Moreover, with the exception of the area around the station, Koenji features narrow streets and densely built wooden housing, which has prevented the reconstruction of older buildings. Conversely, vacant stores have been rented out at low prices; creating an environment in which young business owners with limited financial resources can more easily open unique stores. Since the 1990s, vintage clothing stores, originally associated with the music culture of Koenji, began to cluster in vacant units in the entertainment district, contemporaneous with the vintage clothing boom. General stores, cafes, and ethnic restaurants had then begun to gather around them. This was a consequence of the collapse of an economic bubble that led to a decline in land prices. Vacant stores were rented out at low prices, making it easier for young entrepreneurs to open their own unique stores in Koenji. From the 2000s onward, even shopping streets a short distance from the station began to attract unique stores that appeal to young people. As a result, in the 2010s Koenji became famous as a town for young people who prefer unique stores such as vintage clothing stores, general stores, and cafes, thereby weaving a uniquely attractive blend of new and old stores of various types. In response to changes in the tastes of young people, Koenji’s commercial district has been updated through the conversion of stores involving two related elements: music-related businesses in the 1970s and unique stores offering vintage clothing and general merchandize since the 1990s. Conventional studies of spatial functional differentiation in large-scale commercial areas have noted that these areas show concentric circular differentiation according to the distance from stations and large-scale commercial facilities, which are the core of the town. In the case of Koenji, however, spatial functional differentiation was not concentric, but exhibited different characteristics for each street in the shopping district.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the urban forming process in the modern silk raising area from the two aspect. The first is the action of wealthy people and second is the urban space, through the analysis of the modernizing process in Honjo-machi. The results are the followings 1) In Honjo-machi, it mordernized rapidly with the change of silk raising system 2) The action of wealthy people kept pace with flow of modernization, and contributed to form the social system 3) And thier action largely affected to industrialization, Finally, the space structure was affected by the silk mill.

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The purpose of this sturdy is to clarify the formation process of an amusement quarter, Shinkyogoku, in the modernization of a traditional city, Kyoto. This paper attempts to examine the space composition of some temples and shrines grounds in Teramachi as the matrix of the amusement quarter. This examination was advanced by menans of the restoration grounds plan that was made from the document stored in Konrenji temple and so on. As a result, it became clear that a places of amusement had already been formed in the late Edo period. And its spatial composition had adapted itself to the traffic line of the people who visited the grounds, and its existence had been temporary to correspond with the condition of the formation process.

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In this study I make clear the spatial condition of amusement quarter in Japanese modern city, paying attention to its autonomic aspect. In this paper I deal with Kobe Shinkaichi as the study material, one of the most prosperous amusement quarter in modern Japan, and I grasp the formation process of urban space and the transformation process to an amusement quarter. So I point the opportunity out to be the physical and artificial emptiness and the history that originates from reclamation of Minatogawa River.

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28歳，女性。初診の1ヵ月前より下口唇に潰瘍を伴った硬結が出現した。皮膚生検にて，真皮全層に形質細胞を中心とした密な細胞浸潤を認めた。その後，体幹，四肢にそう痒を伴わない淡紅色斑が出現し，血清学的所見と合わせて梅毒の二期疹と診断した。経過中に膣トリコモナス症を発症しており，詳細な問診で，性産業に従事していることが判明した。

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