Today, Kaiseki-iyori, a multi-course Japanese cuisine, is widely used to serve guests. However, research shows that Kaiseki-ryori dishes were often used to enjoy liquor (sake) during the middle of the Edo period. However, few studies have analyzed this aspect, and the development is not clear. The purpose of this study is to clarify how the use of these dishes developed and to examine the characteristics of Kaiseki-ryori dishes using cookbooks, magazines, and essays.

Dishes for honzen and tea ceremonies are well-known in Japanese cuisine. They are used to serve rice and side dishes during a meal, and sake and snacks (syuko) afterwards. Conversely, Kaiseki-iyori dishes were often used to serve sake and snacks before rice.

A form of dish similar to Kaiseki-ryori has existed before Kyoho period (1716-35).There were several names for this type of dish, and they were served with various menus. Because there was no formality to their presentation, it was easy to arrange these dishes at a restaurant.

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The present research seeks to grasp the per-day walking distance of the travel to the Ise Shrine from Edo and its environs by commoners in the nineteenth century in Japan. It also investigates the various factors that had an impact on the distance, and the background that supported the travel on foot of. The results of the investigations made in the present research are summarized as follows below. 1. In the nineteenth century, commoners who traveled from Edo and its environs to Ise walked the distance of, on average, approximately 34.4 kilometers per day, and around 10 hours per one day. The day's longest walking distance was approximately 50 kilometers. The walking distance in a day was sometimes shortened due to the influence of weather, or due to brothels, etc. 2. The walking distance of commoners travel on foot, was supported by the maintenance of main roads by the Tokugawa shogunate government, etc. The efforts were made also concerning travel footwear for long-distance walking, and, further, extraordinary care was made in regards to their feet in travel at the time; such efforts also enabled the walking of long distances.

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江戸時代に来日した欧米人の日記や旅行記を調べることにより, 彼らが日本の風景の中で, 地形の細やかさ, 植生の豊かさ, 山上までの耕作, 郊外の田園散策路, 長崎の入江, 富士山, 街道の並木を好ましいと記述していることがわかった。 記述の中には植物の多様さ, 高木の美, 新緑紅葉, 熱帯と寒帯の植物なども記していた。 彼らはまた, 日本人の花好き, 旅行好きであること, 田畑を庭園のように耕すことなどを記述していた。 これらの欧米人の風景記述は, 景観評価のデータとして今後分析を試みる価値があると思われる。

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幕末から明治にかけておびただしい欧米人がわが国を訪れ, そして瀬戸内海を航行し, 瀬戸内海の風景を賞賛する。19世紀のシーボルト以後, 多くの欧米人が近代的な風景観でもって瀬戸内海の風景を賞賛し紀行文等にその記述を残している。明治後期, 日本人はこの欧米人の賞賛を引合いに出して瀬戸内海の風景を評価してきた。この19世紀の近代の欧米人が賞賛した瀬戸内海の風景とは何か, その風景の見方や捉え方つまり風景観の特質は何か, その風景観の変遷過程はどのようであったか, さらに日本人に与えた影響は何かについて, 欧米人の当時の紀行文等の文献から, 瀬戸内海の風景に関する記述を読み取り分析することにより, 考察を行うものである。

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