景観ガイドラインは、景観形成の具体的な指針を示したものとして運用されてきたが、策定や内容については自治体の任意で、位置づけや運用実態は十分に明らかになっていない。本論文は、行政のホームページ上でガイドラインの内容が確認できる146の自治体による209の景観ガイドラインを分類・分析により、景観ガイドラインの実態の傾向と役割をを明らかにすることと、目的ごとに選出された4事例の運用実態を把握し、景観ガイドラインの実効性につながる事項を示すことを目的としている。景観ガイドラインの分類・分析から、ガイドラインの役割は、景観計画や条例等の解説という役割と、自主的なルールによる景観誘導をサポートする役割という2つが主であること等を提示した。またヒアリング調査の結果、ガイドラインの実効性につながる事項として、運用体制、景観資源、まちづくり、策定経緯という4項目を設定した。結論では、ガイドラインが地域特性をいかした景観形成にさらに役立つツールになるためには、景観計画の解説書に留まることなく、自主的な景観ルールによる景観誘導という目的を重視したガイドラインの重要性を指摘して、結びとした。

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The drastic decrease of thatched roofs means fundamental changes in the traditional rural landscape and serious reduction of its visual amenities. This paper intends to provide the necessary information for protecting and maintaining thatched roofs. The combined field and questionaire survey was carried out in Miyama cho (Kyoto pref.) in 1986, where we can still find many thatched roofs. Ten settlements (463 households) were chosen from 57 settlements (about 1800 households) as samplings.
Though thatched roofs accounted for 74 percent of the total samplings in the 1945's, the figure has declined by 24 percent in 1986, that is, many of them have changed into galvanized iron or tiled roofs. This is partly because of the difficulty of maintaining the traditional custom to prepare and store a prodigious amount of eularia (Miscanthus sinensis) for rethatching.
On the other hand, however, many people living under thatched roof say that they are reluctant to change the present roof form in the future in spite of high maintenance cost on the ground of many merits which thatched roof offers in the living. Skillful thatchers are also reducing. Now in this district there are only four thatchers and besides they have no successor.
Consequently, what are now most necessary for conservation of thatched roofs as a vital feature of the traditional village landscape are as follows:
1) Transmission of thaching techniqes.
2) Supply of material and manpower, in receiving a new overcoat of thatch.
3) Financial assistance for materializing these policies.
4) Management of eularia grassland.

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The viewpoint of semantic environment is essential for process oriented planning with citizen participation. Event management is one of the way to vitalize regional activities. Walking Event with trails and visiting points with an contingent mental. image, which we called “MEGURI” can make an common image of neighbor environnment. A sacred image of sun and reflected holy spots on Uemachi plateau was formulated in planning of the walking event. The results of questionnaire survey show that a posteriori vague image of the Uemachi environment has been transformed into a consintent conceiving of environment. Participants indicated many resources for upgrading neighborhood environment, being affected by a holly concept produced.
These results clarify that planning and manegement of the Meguri event is one of effective means for peoples to be aware of blessing and reaction from urban environment, in which they have various actions. This type of event was found to have potentiality of converting planning process into ones, which combine physical planning with samantic desiging.

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There are various methods for citizens' participation such as committee, symposium, public meeting, public hearing, questionnaire, workshop and others in plan making process or plan decision process. Various methods in Muroran City after 1991 were analyzed their contents and were tried to evaluate on the basis of 10 evaluation points considered to activate participation. As the result of total evaluation, workshop was given higher score than other methods. Although the trial of evaluation was done by only the author of this study, it means individual differences among several persons were rejected and all methods were evaluated by the same criteria.

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This article is the case study of the change of the design guideline and the analysis of method of use in Yamashita Park and Nihon Odori District. The authors focused how the role of the guideline and method of use by local government has changed according to the change of the condition. They conclusions of the study are as follows; The design guideline has used responding to maturity of the district and each stage, the method to guide were different. And the role of guideline has changed.

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This Research aims to propose the method to protect the Yama-ate townscape through clarifying the structure of Yama-ate townscape. Idea of “Keirou” is applied in the investigation in order to earn the control standard over building layout and form. Three former castle towns in northeastern region of Japan were selected to categorize the “Yama-ate Keirou” by their transition of Yama-ate townscape. With further understanding of local features of yama-ate townscape, townscape control guideline was settled through the citizen participation in one of the towns, Tsuruoka. As a result of the research, followings became clear. 1) Yama-ate Keirou could be categorized into a) crossing type, b) swaying type, c)yo-yo type, and in-out type. 2) In Turuoka city area, features of yama-ate townscape earned through east-west and north-south movement became clear as well as entirety image of yama-ate townscape experience in the city as combination of plural yama-ate keirou. 3) Process of establishment of landscape control code based on “keirou” yama-ate townscape control method were clarified. As a result, possibility of yam-ate townscape protection with “keirou” in its base became clear in the town with close relations between the surrounding natural environments.

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This study aims to clarify the effects of the morphology of the urban fabric upon the sequential scenery from the Metropolitan Expressway. The morphology of the urban fabric specified within this research is topography, land use during Edo Period and the land use prior to the construction of the Metropolitan Expressway. Through two experiments, cognitive and visual, the following has been identified.
1) The topography and land use prior to the construction of the Metropolitan Expressway, effects the form of the expressway impacting the cognitive change in sequential scenery.
2) The green space left from the Edo Period land use effects the cognitive change in sequential scenery.

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We researched the hidden characteristics of the rural settlement landscape of Koisago District, Nakagawa Town. As a result of an investigation of twenty-two traditional residences in 2016, we recognized a sustainable land use and building arrangement based on the local conditions of the topography and the ecosystem. Furthermore, the existence of Ujigami-sama, located in the forest behind the main building, was significant. The back forest ecosystem has provided residents with ecological goods and services. It became clear that the sequence that corresponds to the topography, such as “own forest-residence-　field-rice paddy-others’ forest,” is a basic pattern. Unity in diversity occurred there because of land use sequencing with living spaces where life is intertwined and farm production stands in a row at the foot of a mountain. Further, we considered the comfortableness of the settlement landscape, as an aesthetic principle, because the ecological stability of a living space combined with resident's thorough management in the rural village.

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本研究の目的は,地域デザインという視点から,共同語りのデータを基に原風景の共同性をどう捉え,実際の地域デザイン・地域づくりにどう関連させていくかに関する理論的・実践的モデルの提示をし,検討を行うことである.調査は韓国の済州島に住んでいる4-6人の4つのグループにおいて「共同語り」の形式で行った.逐語録の分析から以下の4点を検討した.1)共同語りへの参加に4つのタイプがあることを見出し,それらを「話題提供」「敷衍説明」「受け入れ反応」「確認転回質問」と命名した.2)「話題提供-敷衍説明」が現れる語りのなかに「私」から「われわれ」へという共同性の生成と確認の機能があり,「受け入れ反応」と「確認転回質問」には生成される共同性を調節・承認する機能があることを示した.3)語りの場で生成される共同性の種類を発話内容によって分類し,済州島で共有される空間・風景・場所のイメージを写真で示した.4)以上の1)2)3)と関連する済州島での実践活動の現況報告を行った.最後に,原風景を理論的・実践的モデルとして整理し,地域デザインにおける語り合いの意義や共同性生成のモデルを理解し捉えることが,地域づくりのファシリテーターに与える示唆について考察した.

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The aim of this article is to clarify the institutional factors that have made city planning consultants dependent upon the public administration, by analysing the formative process of the use of private-sectr planning consultants by the public sector during the rapid economic growth era in Japan.
The result of this analysis can be summarized as follows:
Firstly, faced with increasing production of urban spaces during the rapid economic growth period and increasingly complicated procedures for urban space control, it became impossible for public administrative officials to oversee everything as they used to. For this reason, private-sector planning consultants became able to take part in urban space control which had once been exclusively under the purview of public administrative officials. Secondly, these “City Planning Consultants” had no choice but to take any such contract work in order to survive the severe competition among other private-sector professionals in the industry, because of the lack of an institution or industry board that could define or protect a clear role for city planning consultants. Lastly, the wage scale for the “City Planning Consultants” reproduced their functions as subcontractors that undertake affairs delegated by the public administrative officials.Consequently, planning consultants have been channeled into the current structure where they are completely dependent upon on the public administration system.

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本研究では, 日常生活の文脈で個々人が抱く原風景はどのようなものなのかを口述の調査方法で調ベ, 探っている。本研究は, 原風景を説明していくための概念の産出や概念間の関係を明らかにして構造化していく, 仮説理論生成型の研究であろ。調査対象者である語り手は, 韓国済州道で生まれ育った41歳の男性であり, 間き手は筆者である。主に語りの逐語録を用いて分析した結果, その叙述内容に基づいて3種類の語りを見出し, それぞれを風景としての語り, 出来事としての語り, 評値としての語りと命名し検討した。また, 叙述様式として使われる5つの語りタイプを見いだし, それらを風景回想タイプ, 行為叙述タイブ, 説明演説タイプ, 事実説明タイプ, 評価意味づけタイプに命名し検討した。さらに, これら語りの種類と語りタイプの間に一定の関係があることを見いだし, 原風景の構造化を行った。結果の考察から, 1) 日常生活の中で原風景は物語りとして現れること, 2) 原風景の内容は風景的・出来事的・評価的要素で構成されること, 3) 原風景を語る際の場面の状況や叙述内容によって, 叙述様式 (語りタイプ) が変わりうることを生成された仮説として提示した。

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