The documents about troubles such as trouble reports, testing reports and FMEA sheets are shared in design departments. However, the descriptions in those documents are limited to the very parts in which the troubles occur and tend to be fragmentary and individual knowledge. In order to realize trouble prevention, it is necessary to extract the essence of the failure mechanisms from those descriptions and represent the structured knowledge processed by computer. Furthermore, it is dispensable to construct the system based on knowledge processing supported by advanced retrieval technology. In this paper, the system technology and knowledge processing for structured knowledge is discussed and "Alize", which is the system supporting trouble prevention is introduced. "Alize" is realized by combining the structured knowledge engineering and advanced natural language processing technology and it is much better than a mere document search engine.

抄録全体を表示

FTA is applied for 'thorough predictive cause analysis of important failure modes and chronic failures in design departments. However FT diagrams and trouble reports which design departments share are not reused so effectively for future FTA. In this paper, the problems relating to knowledge management of failures are discussed and then the method of knowledge utilization for FTA using structured knowledge by SSM is demonstrated with the example of mechanical parts.

抄録全体を表示

In the study of validity of manufacturing process design, it is necessary to predict and prevent failures that would occur in designed processes and understand the weak points of the designed processes. In this paper, the application of the method to predict potential failures in process design based on reusable knowledge acquired from trouble reports on process design is described. Firstly, an example of DR (Design Review) conducted at the company the author belonged to and an activity for utilizing knowledge of failures which occurred due to poor process design are introduced and .the problems in these activities are described: Next, the activity at the company for utilizing structured knowledge of failures based on SSM (Stress-Strength Model) and the study on effective reuse of knowledge of process failures by SSM are introduced. Finally, man-hours required for acquiring structured knowledge of failures and the significance of the activity for utilizing structured knowledge are considered.

抄録全体を表示

Around 30 years ago, I had a discussion with design engineers on the prevention of design failures. They insisted that it would be quite difficult to predict possible design failures in early stages of design. That was when I decided in my mind to establish "structured knowledge engineering". This paper discusses significance, difficulties and possible solutions of successful prediction of possible design failures. Prediction is an extrapolation of experience or reuse of knowledge, in such a way as "something may happen for an entity having certain characteristics when it is subjected to certain conditions". This paper also discusses a significance of verification during design processes. Design is specifications for means to achieve objectives. Design is a process to find acceptable solutions that achieve given objectives and do not cause any undesirable effects, where draft designs should be verified from variety of viewpoints. In this sense, verification and validation during design processes are essential. In modern complex society, we have to have a variety of knowledge. There is a "structure" in any knowledge. If we accumulate valuable knowledge in proper structure, we can use the knowledge successfully for the sake of our society. So, in what structure do you accumulate your knowledge ?

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, the method of knowledge management for prediction and prevention of design troubles is introduced. The points described below are discussed. The knowledge management model of failure mechanisms composed of the two process of knowledge acquisition and knowledge utilization. The knowledge structure for acquiring knowledge of causal chains of failures The failure prediction system based on modeling design items by the features relating to failures and matching the model with the structured knowledge

抄録全体を表示

工程設計に起因する不具合が頻発している.これらの不具合は, 工程設計の妥当性の検証・評価において, 個人や組織が経験, 保有する工程不具合に関する知識を徹底的に活用すれば, 未然防止することができる.しかし, 工程不具合の知識は様々な工程設計に再利用可能な形で蓄積されておらず, 工程設計において十分に活用されていないのが現状である.本論文では, 工程設計に起因する不具合知識の構造化に焦点を当てる.具体的には工程設計における不具合の予測解析と未然防止に再利用可能な知識を獲得するための知識分節モデルとして, 単位工程モデル, 要素作業モデル, 工程要素モデル, 製品要素モデルを構築する.要素作業モデルに関しては, 目的状態モード, 遷移状態モード, 実現作業モードの3つの要素作業モードを提示する.また, 知識分節のつながりによって工程不具合の因果連鎖を体系的に表現するための図として因果連鎖図を構築する.本研究では, 実際の機械組立製品の工程設計現場において, 提案内容に基づいて知識の獲得を行い, 提案内容の有効性を検証した.

抄録全体を表示

The situations surrounding FA (Factory Automation) products nowadays have been dramatically changing. In order to deal with the global production of electrical devices such as mobile phones, personal computers and different parts in automobiles, the processes of the development and the design tend to be mounting under the International Safety Standards and the consideration of environment. Demand for quality and safety of products seems to be rising. Nonetheless, we must meet harsh markets' needs of cost and time reduction. Our company is the relatively young FA products manufacturer, founded through merging several Panasonic group companies in 2003. Holding up our mission of "The Contribution to our customers' business development through the reform of producing process with our technology of the electronic circuit formation", we have extended the market. To realize the high-efficiency and no-redoing design and development process, we have unified the process and committed to FMEA (Failure Mode and Effective Analysis) activity, making use of SSM (Stress Strength Model) as an IT based tool to lead to more innovation action. FMEA activity, utilizing SSM, especially focuses on quality, inputting all failure cases we have ever experienced into SSM knowledge Data Base so that we can take out the related information with integrated dictionary structure to feed back the finding into design processes. Meanwhile, products safety, which we should pursue as well as products quality, is nowadays attached great importance to in all manufacturers including FA markets. Products safety is that we call the lifeline for enterprises, and Panasonic group regards it as the first priority. In the measures making use of SSM to prevent poor quality design, we used to utilize mainly FMEA and then partly FTA (Fault Tree Analysis). Now, however, we put the first priority on "essential safety design" through safety FTA and the structure the knowledge management system, which enable us to evaluate products including its life span.

抄録全体を表示

For the next generation of people all around the world, Panasonic Corporation Group companies want to lead the way in bringing about green revolution that will start with our everyday lives, by continuing to make various proposals to provide safety, peace of mind and comfort to people's lives sustainably. We believe that this is surely the right approach for us to putting our management philosophy into practice in today. "Human Resource Development Company (HRDC)" is the center of human resource development towards the realization of our concept described above, and plays a role of the educational institution of management, technology including safety engineering and so on for domestic/ overseas employees. HRDC also invites many internal and external lecturers for employees' education. "Expert Course of Risk Assessment" of HRDC is the course that develops specialists (Risk Assessors) in product safety. In this paper, we introduce some kind of the risk assessment system, using a risk matrix table and so on. We also introduce discussions on the present problems and future prospects with regard to the training / activity of Risk Assessors and the development of experts involved in product safety by the trainees in "Expert Course of Risk Assessment".

抄録全体を表示

Following the growing public interest of product recalls as a social issue, improving the product quality is becoming a very important concern for industries. We have developed and operated a design defect prevention system based on SSM (Stress-Strength-Model), which is a method to structuralize design knowledge using a chain of causes and their effects. How to let busy designers build and utilize structured knowledge is a very important issue in operating a structured knowledge system. This paper describes know-how to solve the above concern in developing and operating the design defect prevention systems which builds and utilizes SSM design knowledge. Our know-how consists of an organizational structure to enable busy designers to build structured knowledge. Rules for building SSM knowledge to be able to generate practical design checklists and a procedure for predicting the effect and cause of the failure in a real design site. The design defect prevention system has been operated since 2006 for controlling circuit design and structural design in developing air-conditioning equipment. The system achieved a 59 percent reduction of the number of design changes noticed and additional 12 percent of check items which manpower design review could not point out. Furthermore, we confirmed the improvement of the design ability to prevent design defect through a competence-based questionnaire for ten designers.

抄録全体を表示

現在、企業におけるナレッジマネジメントの取り組みの多くは、知識・情報の共有化が中心となっているが、今後は、継続して新たな知識を創造することが重要になると考えられる。この継続のためには、組織における知識創造のスタイルや特徴を可視化する仕組みが業務の中に組み込まれており、業務プロセスなどの組織の特徴をモニタし、目指すべきスタイル実現に向けた評価および結果のフィードバックを行う必要がある。今回、製造業において製品開発関係者の知識を表出化し、それらを製品に埋め込む「場」であるデザインレビュー(ＤＲ)に着目し、ＤＲでの活動履歴を蓄積するシステムを開発することで、組織の知識創造のスタイルや特徴をモニタする方法の検討を行った。

抄録全体を表示

In Japan, safety measures have been taken after an accident occurred. However, based on the basic concept of safety which is stipulated by international standards such as ISO and IEC, "preventing an accident from happening" is shown important in this article as a new approach to ensure safety which replaces the said old approach. In this new approach, all the hazards are identified in a scientific and engineering manner and they are eliminated before an accident occurs, that is, safety should be considered based on risk assessment. Also, this article introduces the safety standards which are created in a structured approach as well as the fundamental concepts which become the basis of future efforts for safety.

抄録全体を表示

設計の不備による不具合が慢性的に発生している.不具合の発生メカニズムは製品の個々の構成品目に与えられた特性, 属性および構成品目同士の機能, 構造のつながりを考慮して起こり得る不具合の因果連鎖の予測的解析を徹底的に実施し, 設計仕様の問題点を顕在化できていれば, 十分に未然防止できていたはずのものが多い.不具合の因果連鎖の予測的解析を効果的に行うためには, 過去の設計不具合から再利用な知識を獲得し, 徹底的に活用することが重要である.本論文では, 不具合の因果連鎖の経験から設計の問題点を顕わにし, 設計の質向上を支援する知識の獲得方法として不具合に関する因果連鎖の知識構造を提案する.知識構造の提案までに, 以下の内容が具体的に議論される.
　(1)組織が保有する不具合の因果連鎖の知識がもつ問題点と設計知識として必要な要件
　(2)因果連鎖の知識の基本的なとらえ方
　(3)因果メカニズム単位として精緻化されたストレス-ストレングスモデル
　(4)因果連鎖の接続に関する様式
　(5)因果連鎖における因果関係のとらえ方
　また, 本研究では実際の機械組立設計の現場において提案内容に基づいて知識の獲得を行い, 提案内容の有効性を検証した.

抄録全体を表示

本稿は，子供たちの未来に残せる安全社会実現を目指すことを目的としている．国際安全規格に基づいた安全の考え方を用いて，本質的に安全化された家をどのように考えるべきかのプロセス全体を示す．

抄録全体を表示

We proposed the method which collects the analogous failure reports using text-processing and ontology. The method has two steps. First, text-processing for the failure reports is performed. By analyzing the result of text-processing, the malfunction information is normalized to a pair of component and malfunction. Second, the words which have similar meaning to the user query are listed by ontology. The analogous failure reports are retrieved by these words from the malfunction information. Proposed method is evaluated using actual report in a shipyard. The result shows the proposed method can obtain failure reports which cannot be found by full-text search.

抄録全体を表示

In the field of manufacturing, the importance of utilizing knowledge and know-how has been growing. To meet this background, there is a need for new methods to efficiently accumulate and extract effective knowledge and know-how. To facilitate the extraction of knowledge and know-how needed by engineers, we first defined business process information which includes schedule/progress information, document data, information about communication among parties concerned, and information which corresponds to these three types of information. Based on our definitions, we proposed an IT system (FlexPIM: Flexible and collaborative Process Information Management) to register and accumulate business process information with the least effort. In order to efficiently extract effective information from huge volumes of accumulated business process information, focusing attention on “actions” and communication patterns, we propose a new extraction method using communication patterns. And the validity of this method has been verified for some communication patterns.

抄録全体を表示