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  • 高尾 義明
    組織科学
    1999年 33 巻 2 号 79-87
    発行日: 1999年
    公開日: 2022/07/27
    ジャーナル フリー
     組織が成員のふるまいに還元できない集合的行為主体として選択を行っているという了解の成立を,成員のふるまいが組織の選択として関連づけられる組織コンテクストの編成という観点から検討する.
     まず,日本の企業組織において「職場」が組織コンテクストとして機能しているメカニズムを上位権威の制度化と比較しながら明らかにする.続いて,日本型の組織コンテクスト編成を
    社会文化的進化
    という見地から理論的に考察する.最後に,電子メディアの導入との関係から日本型の組織コンテクスト編成の今後の展望を示す.
  • 上田 純子
    日本EU学会年報
    2003年 2003 巻 23 号 278-283,313
    発行日: 2003/09/30
    公開日: 2010/05/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    This review encompasses analytical propositions put forward by the book, entitled as above. The book is a collection of formidable papers presented at the Conference of European Association of Law and Economics held at the University of Corsica, France, in May 2000. Selected papers, all contributed by distinguished professors, who have shown marked scholarship in the field of law and economics throughout Europe, were considerably revised before being compiled in this book. “European law” is intended not only to be EU law as harmonized among the member states, but also among any country in Europe which has potential to be a member state, as well as national law of each European country.
    Whereas Europe has been a subject of economic analysis, European law itself has not been of great concern to economists. This book delves into this academic trend and refers to the usefulness of the economic tool of analysis, developed in law and economics. Examples of this usefulness are, among others, the rational actors' model in analyzing private individuals' behaviour, political economic considerations in rent-seeking by interest groups or Tiebout's model in competitive local authorities, as developed by the law and economics academia, which may be equally applicable to the EU or European processes of law-making and jurisprudence. Public choice theory in political economy is also of great value to the analysis of judicial actions paralleled with political actions in the member states. In any event, the main aim of this book is an exploration of the legislative and judicial framework of Europe towards the future, by using the above economic methods. Competition (natural selection) vs. harmonization, decentralization in the process of harmonization and centralization in the process of creation are subject to circumspect considerations from the context of evolution of EU or European law.
    The issues are presented in the order from general to specific, with the concluding part concerning a future integration of Europe. Although the likely economic analytic methods used in each issue are variable, the core and in-depth cognitive proposition is to canvass a view of desirable European integration, which could be justified through economic analysis.
    While allowing for a variety of economic methods depending upon each specific topic, this author's scepticism may arise as to whether economic methods used in each topic are appropriate. Whether marginal analysis, the mainstay of microeconomics, can be applicable when precise value of costs and benefits are not quantified (whether costs or benefits associated with ripple effects, opportunity costs or psychic benefits may be included, etc.); whether an ambiguous concept such as legal culture may be analyzed and expected from a perspective of market behaviour, although this author appraises an innovative attempt at juxtaposing legal culture within the borders with a concept of natural monopoly in order to justify the differentiation of legal culture among. the member states.
    The overall course of action, that arguments in the book suggest, and we may regard as its possible conclusion, imply the justification of retaining differences in the member states or, say, Europe. This is perfectly right as legal (i. e., legislative as well as judicial) integration of Europe has been directed more towards a socio-economic Europe than an economic union. The significance of the book is first to show and justify this direction of Europe from an economic perspective. However, any detail of analytic methodology should be re-evaluated as this is a crucial point which might completely undermine the concept of the book. Moreover, further refined discussions concerning other specific areas of law that the book does not address is necessary with a view to substantiating the maintenance of member states' or nation-state's autonomy in harmonizing European law.
  • 星野 力
    計測と制御
    1993年 32 巻 8 号 677-683
    発行日: 1993/08/10
    公開日: 2009/11/26
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 北原 貞輔
    オフィス・オートメーション
    1990年 11 巻 2 号 35-45
    発行日: 1990/09/29
    公開日: 2019/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 高田 真治
    社会福祉学
    1992年 33 巻 2 号 48-73
    発行日: 1992/10/15
    公開日: 2018/07/20
    ジャーナル フリー
    This article is a proposal of the new framework of social welfare. In Japan, we have many tasks on the coming Old-Age Society, especially on a social welfare planning at the community level. In my view, the actual social welfare is resulted from the interaction among politics (P), economics (E) and culture (C). So we have to understand the dynamics of these three aspects. In conclusion, we can set up three axes according to PEG respectively. That is, they are "delegation・centralization -participation・decentralization" to P, "competition・production -cooperation・consumption" to E and "opposition・dependence -symbiosis・independence" to C. I would like to call the threedimensional structure composed of these three axes "PEG structure". This PEG structure could be changed by endogenous development (Ed), so Ed is the subject of social work. This is the idea of hybrid structure. Social work develops Ed and Ed changes PEG structure, and PEG structure reforms social welfare system. This would be a positive cycle of steady state. Discussing about the reformation of social welfare, we should examine the basic theory of social welfare and the methods of social work. This is the new concept of social welfare, "EdPEC hybrid theory".
  • ボーン コルネリア, 森川 剛光
    年報社会学論集
    2015年 2015 巻 28 号 1-17
    発行日: 2015/08/07
    公開日: 2016/10/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper explores the relationship between the money medium and the analysis of mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion. Such mechanisms currently follow a logic of plural or multiple inclusion as opposed to assimilation. In a full-grown monetary economy, money and property have emerged as regulative structures for the participation in economic practice. Discussing the approach of Luhmann, a distinction is drawn between center, semi-periphery, and periphery of the economic system. While the money medium includes the general population into the periphery of the economy through consumption, this contribution can show that the inclusionary mechanism of the center is creditworthiness. It can be demonstrated that in its historical formation the form of credit is organized in a twofold fashion itself: to make profit and to promote social inclusion. Microcredits are analyzed as a global form of inclusion into the center that does not bear on the distinction poor/wealthy.
  • 諸概念の展開とそのメタ地理学的反省
    上田 元
    人文地理
    1986年 38 巻 3 号 193-211
    発行日: 1986/06/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The two major aims of this article are to survey the different phases in the introduction and definition of‘Territoriality’ as a concept in Western geographical literature, and to investigate the definitions from a meta-geographical point of view, focusing on the axiomatical structure of each definition and the ideological characteristics which each structure has as a system of representation of the world from on a particular social standpoint.
    ‘Territoriality’ in human geography has its origin in ethology, and the concept was introduced in geography at the beginning of the 1960's. In ethology, the concept was defined first as the aggressive instinct of an organism defending its surroundings. The logic of this theory is a bit circular because of its premise of‘an aggressive instinct to be controlled’. This difficulty was overcome for example in sociobiology by posutulating the maximization of‘inclusive fitness’: in this view, territoriality is defined as a strategy which functions when the defense of a territory brings more benefit than non-territorial behavior. This postulate derives from the original metaphor of the utilitarian behavior of man in Europe, and it became the frame of reference in interpreting animal behavior. At any rate, the ethological concept stimulated an interest in human geography in the territorial behavior of man, which has generally been neglected in spatial analysis and is defined as an attempt to control actions and interactions of objects by asserting and attempting to enforce control over a specific geographical area.
    The influence of the ethological concept on human geography can be found in some definitions, where geographers use the works of ethologists, but generally they cite first the concept implicitly in an analogical way: there was not any reflection about the difference between animals and man. For example, from the end of the 1960's to the middle of the 1970's, the ethnic or religious segregation within a city is cited as an urban territoriality of man. These implicit analogies are examined in behavioral geography in the 1980's, and it is explicitly recognized that human territoriality has not only biological bases but also symbolical and institutional aspects which are different from animals, and that territoriality has an analogical sense in human behavior.
    In addition to this behavioral territoriality, the analogical use of the concept has been examined from the humanistic approach from the middle of the 1970's, in the name of ‘emotional territoriality’. This approach aims to surpass simple analogies and reflect the emotions and symbols of mankind. It partly criticizes the behavioral approach because of its axiomatical restriction of the object to the observable and measurable, and treats the concept of territoriality by connecting it with ideas such as‘attachment to place’and so on.
    The same connection with the emotional is found in some theories in political geography from the beginning of the 1970's. For example, there are such expressions as ‘group's sense of attachment to geographical area’and‘sense of belonging to a particular place’, which signify the sharing in common of a territorial iconography or symbolism like a national flag. These emotional conceptions can be called: a societal territoriality, which is related to the formation and maintenance of‘an attachment to place’by ideological manipulation and societal forces. This conception is found also in the concept of social space, where a value system and other social factors are homogeneous.
    From another point of view, a conceptual investigation enables us to clarify the ideological and disguised characteristics of these emotional conceptions in the real world, and particularly in geographical theories.
  • 経営学輪講 Weick (1979)
    高橋 伸夫
    赤門マネジメント・レビュー
    2009年 8 巻 5 号 233-262
    発行日: 2009/05/25
    公開日: 2018/02/26
    ジャーナル フリー
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