This paper examines Harrodian instability by using the model in which a representative firm maximizes its own profit rate taking a subjective demand function into account. The subjective demand function considered by the firm contains the aggregate demand of economy as an important parameter. This implies that the firm would pay attention to the economic state as a whole. The analysis based on this model shows that its stationary state can be asymptotically stable or there can exist closed cycles around the stationary state in spite of Harrodian investment behavior. Applying the Hopf bifurcation theorem we can demonstrate such character of the dynamic system considered in this paper. Disequilibrium may take place at the stationary state, hence, we call the fluctuation "quasi growth cycle."

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豪雪地帯の都市の交通を確保するために, 強大な融雪能力のある雪捨て場を道路, 広場, 商店街あるいは鉄道沿線などに設置しておき, 除排雪をこの雪捨て場に集積し, 雪捨て場の地下に埋設した放熱管にボイラからの高温水を通し, 持込雪をその場で融解処理して雪堤としない新しい除排雪処理装置を開発した.
実験の結果集積された持込雪は下方から順次効率よく融解処理され, 大雪が数日間降り続いても雪堤とはならず十分対応することができ, しかも在来の除排雪処理方法に比べて経済的であることが分かった.

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　症例は27歳，男性。上部消化管内視鏡検査にて胃体部は発赤，腫脹し，大彎は巨大皺壁を呈していた。病理組織検査にて，粘膜被蓋上皮の過形成と粘膜固有層の軽度の炎症細胞浸潤が認められた。メネトリエ病と診断され，血清Helicobacter pylori（H. pylori）抗体が陽性であったため除菌療法が行われた。除菌11週間後の内視鏡所見は著明に改善していた。除菌療法はH. pylori陽性の本症に対して有用な治療法と考えられるため今後積極的に試みるべきである。

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飛騨山脈の隆起については,鮮新世後期から更新世初頭(2.7～1.5Ma)にかけて,最初の極大期があったとする点では,多くの研究者の意見が一致している.しかし,その後の第四紀の期間にテクトニックな隆起があったかどうかでは,意見が分かれていた.山麓の堆積物から隆起時期を推定する方法では,山脈の隆起がテクトニックなのか,アイソスタティックなのか,判定困難なため,本研究では飛騨山脈,爺ヶ岳一帯に分布する鮮新世後期～前期更新世の火山岩類の構造を解析した.この結果,これらの火山岩類はコールドロンをなしており,東に70°前後傾動していることが判明した.南方の高瀬川流域や槍穂高連峰での資料を加味すると,前期更新世後半(1.3Ma～)以降,飛騨山脈東半部の広い範囲で,東西圧縮場のもとでの挫屈による傾動・隆起を生じていることが明らかとなり,飛騨山脈の2段階にわたるテクトニックな隆起運動が明らかとなった.

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As described herein, the Kaleckian growth model microfoundation was produced. Ikeda (2006) pointed out similarity between the Kaleckian model and the New-Keynesian imperfection theory. Although he produced the Kaleckian model a microfoundation on a mark-up price setting and saving function, he gave it no Kaleckian feature that increased monopoly power decreases the growth rate. It has no an autonomous investment function. Therefore increased monopoly power increases saving, which increases investment. This paper introduces investment determination considering the growth rate of demand expectation reported by Adachi (2000). We follow Adachi (2000), which derived an investment function of the imperfect firm. Thereby, we obtain Kaleckian's particular result. The microfoundation is on Post-Keynesian streams, which value the reality of economic models based on the following points. (1) Animal spirits, which are not reduced to probabilistic expectation, determine investment. (2) Development of a credit system occurs behind the autonomous investment function. (3) The economy is on a dynamic transition path. The three points described above differ from Neo-Classical assumptions. Neo-Classicism adopts no subjective expectation such as animal spirits and subsumes that saving determines investment. It also tends to value the equilibrium state when it discusses the economy. Adopting the "ad hoc" assumption that consumption is done using only wage income, we produce no microfoundation of our entire model to assert the importance of an autonomous investment function. However, the assumption is useful when considering the relation between income distribution and the macro-economy. Although Post-Keynesian is often criticized for its lack of a microfoundation, the point is not whether a microfoundation exists but if the assumption is realistic. The Post-Keynesian school can explain the real economy despite that criticism. This paper's main point is that autonomous investment is necessary when we consider the microfoundation of the Kaleckian growth model.

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Gustav Radbruch (1878-1949) presented his famous formula under the direct influence of 12 years of National Socialism. It reads: “Where there is not even an attempt at justice, where equality, the core of justice, is deliberately betrayed in the issuance of positive law, then the statute is not merely ‘false law’; it completely lacks the very nature of law.” Many scholars claim that this proposition differs from the legal philosophy expressed in his earlier works. I will argue that his legal philosophy has commonly been misinterpreted in such a way that it is apparently inconsistent with this proposition, and that when correctly interpreted, it supports the proposition. The reinterpretation presented in this paper is based on two arguments. The first concerns Radbruch's concept of law. Many scholars believe that Radbruch developed his concept of law with reference to Heinrich Rickert's “value-reference”, according to which any false statute is acknowledged as “law”. However, I will argue that Radbruch developed this concept under the guidance of Emil Lask's teleological principle. The second argument concerns Radbruch's theory about the purposes of law, and his closely interrelated notion of relativism. I will present a manuscript that Radbruch wrote for his lecture at the University of Kiel in 1919 (Gustav Radbruch. Rechtsphilosophische Tagesfragen [Current Questions of Legal Philosophy]. Ed. Hidehiko Adachi and Nils Teifke. Nomos-Verlag: Baden-Baden 2004). In this manuscript, Radbruch gave preference to what he called the “transpersonal view”, in which personality values and collective values (i. e., the values of nations) are subservient to work values. However, he added to this the argument that personalities and nations are at the same time the precondition of any true community of work. In addition, relativism, from which standpoint he developed his theory before 1919, is critically described in this paper. Pursuant to this, I will maintain that his legal philosophy after 1919 should be reinterpreted as non-relativistic and that, as argued in his proposition, any statute that completely denies one of three given values is non-law.

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北アルプスには第四紀の黒部川花崗岩と滝谷花崗閃緑岩が分布し，これらは巨大カルデラ噴火後の再生マグマが地下で固結し，急激な隆起・削剥を経て，現在地表に露出したものである（例えば，Ito et al., 2021）．北アルプスの第四紀の急激な隆起の原因は，マグマの浮力によるとする説（Ito et al., 2021）と，マグマの浮力に東西圧縮が加わったものとする説（原山ほか，2003）がある．さらには，伊豆弧の衝突の影響が大きいという説（Spencer et al., 2019）もある．今回，著者は，北アルプスの成因は伊豆弧の衝突による広域的な応力（Fig. 1の①）の影響を受け，マグマの浮力により形成されたと考えられることを以下の点から主張したい． 北アルプス南部～中央アルプスにかけて分布する活断層の境峠断層（Fig. 1の②）は左横ずれ断層であり，この断層の北端（Fig. 1の③）には活火山の焼岳が分布する．これらの活断層や活火山は伊豆弧の衝突による南部からの広域的な応力（Fig. 1の①）の影響を受けたものと考える．この考えに基づいて黒部川花崗岩分布域を見てみると，Fig. 1の④で示した断層は，映画「黒部の太陽」でも紹介された幅80mの大規模破砕帯である．黒部川花崗岩は概ね1 Maに生成しており（Ito et al., 2021），この破砕帯は黒部川花崗岩体中に出来た破砕帯であること，破砕帯が生じるには，母岩がある程度冷却した後であることを考慮すると，この破砕帯が出来たのは恐らく過去数10万年の間であり，この破砕帯は活断層とも言える程度に最近の活動で生じたものと思われる．この破砕帯の北端（Fig. 1の⑤）には小説「高熱隧道」でも紹介された掘削時の岩盤温度175℃のトンネルが存在する．南側に断層が発達し，その北端に熱源があるという点では，黒部の大規模破砕帯は境峠断層と同様である．従って，黒部の大規模破砕帯や高熱隧道も伊豆弧の衝突の影響を受けたものと考えられる．Ito et al. (2021)は，北アルプスで1.76～1.55 Maに生じた3回の巨大噴火の原因としてフィリピン海プレートの沈み込み（と沈み込み方向の変化）を掲げたが，この点も含め，北アルプスの成因に伊豆弧の衝突が大きく関わっていると考えられる．すなわち，北アルプスは東西圧縮よりも北西－南東の圧縮（Fig.1の①）の影響を強く受けて成長したと考えられる． 文献 原山　智，大薮圭一郎，深山裕永，

彦，宿輪隆太，2003．飛騨山脈東半部における前期更新世後半からの傾動・隆起運動．第四紀研究，42，127–140． Ito, H., Adachi, Y., Cambeses, A., Bea, F., Fukuyama, M., Fukuma, K., Yamada, R., Kubo, T., Takehara, M. and Horie, K., 2021. The Quaternary Kurobegawa Granite: an example of a deeply dissected resurgent pluton. Sci. Rep., 11, 22059. Spencer, C.J., Danišík, M., Ito, H., Hoiland, C., Tapster, S., Jeon, H., McDonald, B. and Evans, N.J., 2019. Rapid exhumation of Earth’s youngest exposed granites driven by subduction of an oceanic arc. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 1259–1267. Fig. 1. Geology in the northern Japanese Alps and its vicinities.

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　進行胃癌に対して，TS-1単独療法を施行し，complete response（CR）が得られたハイリスク・手術拒否の症例を報告する。本邦論文報告で，初発進行胃癌に対しFirst-Lineとして施行したTS-1単独療法によって，原発巣のPathological CRが得られた非手術例は，自験例を含めて7例である。TS-1療法は手術不適例においても，根治の可能性も残る重要な治療選択肢と考えられた。

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